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Despite considerable epidemiological evidence of the health benefits of a diet high in fruit and vegetables, consumption in pre-school children remains well below recommended levels. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an exposure-based intervention, carried out by parents in the home, in increasing children's liking for a previously disliked vegetable. 156 parents of 2-6 year old children were...
The main purpose of the present study is to examine whether differences in mothers' food parenting practices by educational level could explain differences in food consumption in Flemish preschool children. Three hundred and sixteen mothers of children aged 2.5-7 years, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Differences by educational level were found in children's and mothers' consumption frequencies...
This prospective study of food variety seeking among children was conducted between 1982 and 1999, with a follow-up in 2001–2002. Two- to three-year-old children were given a free choice of lunch foods in a nursery canteen. Their food choices were recorded and used to calculate early variety seeking scores, globally and by food group (vegetables, animal products, dairy products, starchy foods and...
This study identified fruit, 100% juice and vegetables (FJV) consumption changes by meal among fourth grade students participating in Squire's Quest!, a 10-session individually focused psychoeducational multimedia game with many meal/environment specific behavioral change techniques incorporated into the programming. Participants in 26 elementary schools were randomly assigned to treatment or control...
The aim of this study was to investigate socio-environmental, personal and behavioural factors associated with vegetable consumption among young men in the military. Respondents included 578 male recruits (mean age 19.7) in the Norwegian National Guard (response rate 78%). Data were collected with a food diary (4-day record) and an attitudinal questionnaire. A model including items on personal factors...
Positive flavour–flavour learning refers to a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which a neutral flavour is paired with an already preferred flavour. Due to this pairing one acquires an association between the neutral flavour and the liked flavour, resulting in a positive shift in liking and hence preference for the initially neutral flavour. In the present study, it was investigated whether a flavour–flavour...
Strategies for preference conditioning were investigated in children (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, subjects were 49 children, between the ages of 2 and 5 years old. The results showed that initially mixing grapefruit juice with the sweet taste of sucrose increased liking for the sour taste of grapefruit juice (without the added sucrose) and that this increased liking persisted...
Home fruit, 100% juice, and vegetables (FJV) availability is related to increased FJV consumption by children. While FJV must be purchased for use in the home, no scales have been reported on home FJV pantry management practices. A scale for home FJV pantry management practices was generated from focus group discussions with diverse 162 food shoppers. A commonly used scale of home FJV availability...
This longitudinal study examined the frequency of consumption of vegetables for dinner by Norwegian adolescents and their parents. Associations of perceived availability, correlations and stability were explored. The longitudinal cohort consist of 1950 adolescents attending 6th/7th (2002) and 9th/10th (2005) grade, and their parents (n=1647). Only 40% of the adolescents and 60% of the adults reported...
Diets rich in fruit and vegetables are important for long-term health yet children frequently do not like these foods. The “Smart Bodies” school wellness program sought to increase children's knowledge of healthy nutritional practices, improve psychosocial variables associated with eating fruit and vegetables, and develop preferences for these foods. A randomized controlled intervention trial was...
Conditioning is an important mechanism for establishing food preferences. Although the basic principles for conditioning are well-known, less is known about the conditions under which this type of learning takes place. This paper aims to add to the knowledge of the essential conditions for flavour–nutrient learning with vegetable flavours. We describe a study which aimed to investigate whether flavour–nutrient...
The present paper examined the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and food-related family lifestyle (dinner with parents, family food rules, and television viewing behaviors) in a sample of 14,407 adolescents from Belgium Flanders (N=7,904) and the Veneto Region of Italy (N=6,503) using multilevel binary logistic regression analyses. The data are part of the Health Behavior in School-aged...
Children's food preferences play a major role in their food choices and consumption. The objective of the present study was to examine if repeated tastings of selected vegetables in a school setting increased children's liking of these items. A total of 360 fourth- and fifth-grade students attending four low-income, public elementary schools in southeastern Louisiana volunteered to participate. During...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parent and child characteristics in explaining children's fruit and vegetable intakes. In 2008, parents of preschoolers (mean age 3.5 years) from 56 schools in Belgium-Flanders completed questionnaires including a parent and child fruit and vegetable food frequency questionnaire, general parenting styles (laxness, overreactivity and positive...
Four brief food frequency questionnaires were developed and validated to measure an adult's usual daily intake of fruit or vegetable servings over the past month. Fifty males and 50 females, aged 25–52 years, completed two fruit instruments, two vegetable instruments, and a dietary history (the reference method). Individual agreement and group mean estimation were assessed. The 5-item fruit instrument...
The Theory of Planned Behavior was used to determine if dietitians personal characteristics and beliefs about fresh vegetable food safety predict whether they currently teach, intend to teach, or neither currently teach nor intend to teach food safety information to their clients. Dietitians who participated in direct client education responded to this web-based survey (n=327). The survey evaluated...
Using a repeated measures design, in a nursery setting, a modelling and rewards intervention targeted preschool children's consumption of 8 fruit and 8 vegetables (presented as 4 different food sets, each comprising 2 fruit and 2 vegetables). During the 16-day Baseline 1, and subsequent baselines, the children received a different food set daily, first at snacktime and again at lunchtime; consumption...
This study aimed to increase 1st, 3rd, and 5th grade children's liking for fruits and vegetables by offering repeated opportunities to taste selected items. Tastes of four fruits or four vegetables were offered to children (51% boys; 32% 1st graders and 34% 3rd graders) on alternate weeks for 8 weeks. Two-week follow-up tastings occurred 4 months and 10 months post-intervention. Children who began...
The present study examined the resemblance between daughters’ and mothers’ intake of energy-dense food (EDF) and vegetables as perceived by daughters and the potential moderating influence of relationship closeness. One-hundred and twelve female first-year psychology students (aged 17–25years) completed an online measure incorporating questions on demographic information, food frequency, eating style,...
Vegetable consumption is low among many children. This study compared the efficacy of the exposure learning strategies mere exposure, flavour–flavour and flavour–nutrient learning in changing children’s intake of a novel vegetable. An unmodified artichoke purée was served at pre-testing. Hereafter children were exposed 10 times to unmodified purée (mere exposure, n=32), a sweetened purée (flavour–flavour...
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