The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
The objective of this study was to determine how the portion size of a packaged snack affects energy intake of the snack and of the subsequent meal. On five separate days, 60 subjects (34 women and 26 men) ate an afternoon snack and dinner in individual cubicles. For each snack, subjects were served one of five packages of potato chips (28, 42, 85, 128, or 170 g), which they consumed ad libitum directly...
Functional foods provide a new way of expressing healthiness in food choices. The objective of this study was to apply an indirect measure to explore what kind of impressions people form of users of functional foods. Respondents (n=350) received one of eight versions of a shopping list and rated the buyer of the foods on 66 bipolar attributes on 7-point scales. The shopping lists had either healthy...
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether differences in ambivalence between meat eaters affect their attitude towards eating meat, the belief structure underlying these attitudes, meat consumption, and intentions to reduce consumption in the future. Not surprisingly, more ambivalent meat eaters held a less positive attitude towards meat as compared to less ambivalent meat eaters. Moreover,...
Spanish and American female chocolate cravers reported the usual times when they craved chocolate by answering an open-ended question. They also were asked directly if they craved chocolate perimenstrually. American women (40% open-ended, 60% direct) were more likely than were Spanish women (4% open-ended, 24% direct) to report that their chocolate cravings occurred perimenstrually when responding...
We previously showed that oral administration of a liquid soup preload was associated with a slower rate of gastric emptying and suppressed appetite more compared with intragastric administration of the same soup [Appetite 31(1998)377]. The present study was designed to investigate whether these results could be explained by the cephalic stimulation of acid secretion induced by oral administration...
In sample of 76 undergraduate students (mostly female) in the USA, television viewing was associated with increased meal frequency and as a result with increased daily intake of energy.
The risk for developing obesity has a significant genetic component. Several quantitative trait loci and candidate genes have been identified using current methodological approaches however the information gained thus far is insufficient to adequately explain the genetics underlying human obesity. The completion of a draft of the human genome sequence, the potential benefit of single nucleotide polymorphisms...
We know very little about either the mechanisms through which preferences are created in humans, or the contributions of particular developmental forces: e.g. genetics, parental influence, peer influence, the media. Prior work has indicated surprisingly low correlations (averaging about 0.15) between the food or music preferences of young adult and the mid-point of the biological and rearing parents...
How do food scandals like dioxines in food in Belgium (summer 1999) and the detection of mad cow disease (BSE) in Britain affect consumers' confidence in food safety? In this paper, based on three thousand telephone interviews during the last quarter of 1999, consumers in Belgium and Britain are compared with consumers in Norway, where there has been no such serious food scandal in recent years.'Trust'...
Objective. To investigate cephalic phase responses (CPRs) in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and to test the assumption that eating disordered individuals respond with more marked CPRs and higher increases in psychophysiological arousal to the presentation of food cues.Method. Thirteen female inpatients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa were compared to 15 non-eating disordered female volunteers...
The effect of pure carbohydrate, protein and fat ingestion on different aspects of short-term satiety and their relation to metabolic and cognitive performance indices were studied in 15 healthy male students. Subjects were tested in three sessions for short-term changes in blood indices, indirect calorimetry, different aspects of hunger sensations as well as mood and objective cognitive performance...
Substantial progress has been made over the last 50 years in studies examining the neural and hormonal basis of thirst and salt appetite. We now understand much about the physiological systems that are engaged in response to perturbations of water and electrolyte balance, including the brain areas that are activated to elicit the appropriate behavioral responses as well as some of the neurotransmitters...
Resting energy expenditure (Resting-EE), EE with treadmill exercise, and post-prandial thermogenesis were continuously monitored by indirect calorimetry during a 24 h recording session in control (CT) and CLA-treated (CLA) (1% CLA in the food, by weight) C57Bl/6 male mice. After 15 days of CLA treatment, the fat content of CLA mice had fallen to 20% of that in CT mice. CLA mice were able to face the...
The first 30 years of Columbia's Appetitive Seminar were celebrated by speakers extrapolating from the past to the future for six areas of research on appetite. This editorial introduces reviews of three of the selected topics and briefly summarizes the other three presentations-on the sensing of glucose utilization, gastrointestinal controls of satiety and mechanisms of learning and conditioning.
Consumption of pizza, salad and iced tea was assessed in four separate tests at a central location. Three aspects of context were added in successive tests-social interaction during consumption, the physical environment in which the food was consumed and choice among foods-so that the fourth test had all effects present. The proportion consumed averaged from 79 to 82% of the food presented and increased...
Transgenic mice are a powerful and much used tool in the field of feeding behavior. However, much of the biobehavioral characterization of the controls of feeding has been done in rats. The present presentation describes our efforts to adapt techniques traditionally used in rats to the analysis of feeding behavior in mice. This has been done within Smith's theoretical framework of positive and negative...
In the last several decades, research on the eating disorders has yielded important new knowledge, especially regarding the clinical characteristics and the treatment of individuals with Bulimia Nervosa. Challenging issues now confronting the field include how the eating disorders should be categorized, what factors underlie their development and persistence, and how they are best treated. New efforts...
Sensitivity to reward (STR)-a personality trait firmly rooted in the neurobiology of the mesolimbic dopamine system-has been strongly implicated in the risk for addiction. This construct describes the ability to derive pleasure or reward from natural reinforcers like food, and from pharmacologic rewards like addictive drugs. Recently experts in the field of addiction research have acknowledged that...
This study examined the effects of active (AC) and passive coping (PC) stress tasks on food intake in female restrained (n=20) and unrestrained eaters (n=20). Participants completed a reaction time task (AC), a cold-pressor test (PC), and a relaxation control condition separated by 1-week intervals. Food intake was assessed after each task. Self-reported anxiety, heart rate and blood pressure (BP)...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.