In this work, a lithium-ion sulfur battery has been constructed by employing the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (S@pPAN) cathode, prelithiated SiOx/C anode and commercial carbonate-based electrolyte. Compared with the traditional lithium-sulfur battery, the replacement of lithium metal with prelithiated SiOx/C anode and the use of commercial carbonate-based electrolyte ensure the high safety of the new battery. Meanwhile, the lithium-ion sulfur battery also possesses the advantage of high energy density. It delivers a high reversible capacity of 616 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles with an average working voltage of about 1.6 V, corresponding to a high energy density of 661 W h kg−1, which is more than double that of the commercial lithium-ion batteries. The fabrication of the lithium-ion sulfur battery provides an effective way to solve the safety problems of the available lithium-sulfur batteries.