Schizophrenia Research

Items from 1 to 20 out of 25 results

article

Cerebral metabolic activity correlates of subsyndromes in chronic schizophrenia

Johannes Schröder, Monte S. Buchsbaum, Benjamin V. Siegel, Franz Josef Geider, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 1 > 41-53

Seventy-nine patients with schizophrenia and 47 healthy controls received positron-emission tomography (PET) with ¹ ⁸ F-2-deoxyglucose uptake while executing the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Patients had been off all psychoactive medication for at least four weeks. Patients' symptoms were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and factor scale scores were obtained. These...

article

Free radical pathology and antioxidant defense in schizophrenia: a review

Sahebarao P. Mahadik, Sukdeb Mukherjee

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 1 > 1-17

There is increasing evidence that free radical-mediated CNS neuronal dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Free radicals (oxyradicals, such as superoxide, hydroxyl ions, and nitric oxide) cause cell injury when they are generated in excess or the antioxidant defense is impaired. Both of these processes seem to be affected in schizophrenia. Evidence of excessive oxyradical...

article

Symptoms, cognitive and social functioning in recent-onset schizophrenia: A longitudinal study

A.J.W. Van der Does, P.M.A.J. Dingemans, D.H. Linszen, M.A. Nugter, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 1 > 61-71

The relationships among symptoms, cognitive functioning and social functioning were investigated in patients with schizophrenia over a period of 15 months. Patients with a mood disorder, a normal control group and a sample of parents of the schizophrenic patients also completed the cognitive tests. In the schizophrenia sample, only disorganisation was correlated with cognitive performance, which...

article

Impaired antioxidant defense at the onset of psychosis

Sukdeb Mukherjee, Sahebarao P. Mahadik, Russell Scheffer, Elizabeth E. Correnti, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 1 > 19-26

Previous studies found peripheral activities of antioxidant enzymes to be abnormal in schizophrenic patients. It is not understood whether this is integral to the disease process or a result of long-term treatment with neuroleptics. Red blood cell activities of three antioxidant enzymes -- superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase -- were therefore examined in 14 drug-naive, first...

article

A study of enzymes involved in catecholamine metabolism in parents of patients with schizophrenia

Jun Wei, C.N. Ramchand, Anne E. Clark, Gwynneth P. Hemmings

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 1 > 27-32

The concentrations of serum homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Trp), and the activities of serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO), and erythrocyte catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) were measured in 68 healthy parents who had schizophrenic offspring. The results show a significant correlation between the...

article

A study of the interrelationship between and comparative interrater reliability of the SAPS, SANS and PANSS

Ross M.G. Norman, Ashok K. Malla, Leonard Cortese, Fernando Diaz

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 1 > 73-85

We assessed the comparative interrater reliability of the SANS/SAPS and PANSS as measures of symptomatology in schizophrenia and also examined the interrelationship between scores on these instruments. Two experienced raters used these Scales to assess positive and negative symptoms in a group of 85 patients with a DSM III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia. Ratings were based on structured clinical interviews,...

article

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the temporal lobes in schizophrenics and normal controls

Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd, Perry F. Renshaw, Staci A. Gruber, Christine Waternaux, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 1 > 55-59

Previous research has found structural and functional abnormalities in the temporal lobes of schizophrenic patients, often with greater impairment on the left side. This study applied proton MRS to both right and left temporal lobes of schizophrenic patients and normal control subjects. Reductions in the NAA/Cr ratio were found bilaterally for schizophrenic patients as compared to normal controls,...

article

Family history of autoimmune diseases in psychosis

Catherine M. Gilvarry, Pak C. Sham, Peter B. Jones, Mary Cannon, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 1 > 33-40

The mothers of 101 psychotic patients and 116 normal controls were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire designed to determine the presence or absence of autoimmune disorders in first degree relatives of the probands. Thyrotoxicosis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were significantly more common in the relatives of the psychotic patients than in the control relatives; in particular...

article

Fibrin degradation products in post mortem brain tissue of schizophrenics: a possible marker for underlying inflammatory processes

Dirk A. Körschenhausen, Harald J. Hampel, Manfred Ackenheil, Randolf Penning, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 103-109

Alterations in protein composition are often present in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammatory processes causing these alterations have been suggested by many authors to underlie the cerebral disturbance in some cases of schizophrenia. In a previous study, two disease-associated additional polypeptides P1 and P2 could be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 60 out of...

article

Fetal brain development of twins assessed in utero by ultrasound: implications for schizophrenia

John H. Gilmore, Diana O. Perkins, Mark A. Kliewer, Marvin L. Hage, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 141-149

There is evidence that some forms of schizophrenia are due to alterations of in utero brain development. Given the concordance rate for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins is approx. 45%, it is not clear how a shared genetic predisposition for schizophrenia and a shared in utero environment might selectively lead to schizophrenia in one but not the other twin in a monozygotic twin pair. This study...

article

Exploratory factor analysis of MRI brain structure measures in schizophrenia

Allen Y. Tien, William W. Eaton, Thomas E. Schlaepfer, Ian K. McGilchrist, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 93-101

Much of the literature shows various regional structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, but the complexity and variability of the brain makes it difficult to determine how these regions are related. Statistical methods which estimate factors underlying patterns of covariance have not been widely used, but could be useful for analyzing such complex data. We applied exploratory and confirmatory...

article

A psychometric comparison of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

Donald Addington, Jean Addington, Mark Atkinson

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 205-212

This study compared two measures of depression in a population with schizophrenia. Inpatients (n = 112) with schizophrenia, were assessed on the Hamilton (HDRS), and Calgary (CDSS) depression scales and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Eighty-nine were reassessed 3 months later. A principal components factor analysis was applied to each depression scale. The relationship between...

article

The relationship between urine excretion and biogenic amines and their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients

George D. Prell, Jack Peter Green, Ahmed M. Elkashef, Jai K. Khandelwal, more

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 171-176

Concentrations of norepinephrine and metabolites of biogenic amines were measured in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia, nine of whom were polyuric. The mean level of norepinephrine was two-fold higher (p ≤ 0.025) in polyuric patients than in patients whose excretion of urine was within the normal range. CSF levels of histamine's primary metabolite, tele-methylhistamine,...

article

Increased density of microtubule associated protein 2-immunoreactive neurons in the prefrontal white matter of schizophrenic subjects

Stewart A. Anderson, David W. Volk, David A. Lewis

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 111-119

Recent studies have suggested that schizophrenia may be related to prenatal disturbances in the cortical subplate, a transient but essential structure in the formation of cerebral cortical circuitry. Although most subplate neurons die during later development, some remain as the interstitial neurons of the adult white matter. In this study we used a monoclonal antibody against the cytoskeletal protein,...

article

Validity of self-administered symptom scales in clients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders

Edna K. Hamera, Joanne Kraenzle Schneider, Miriam Potocky, Mary Ann Casebeer

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 213-219

Few studies have used self-administered symptom scales as outcome measures with individuals who have schizophrenia. However, with the increase in community-based treatment for the serious and persistently mentally ill and the emphasis on client empowerment, their ability to monitor and report symptoms needs to be assessed. Two forms of self-administered items, symptom distress statements and symptom...

article

Cerebral blood flow activation and functional lesions in schizophrenia

Stephan F. Taylor

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 129-140

This article reviews functional neuroimaging studies which measure task-specific changes in neuronal activity in schizophrenia, usually indexed by cerebral blood flow. Twenty-four published reports employing an activation strategy to study schizophrenia are reviewed. Eleven of these studies examined prefrontal function in schizophrenia, mostly with the Wisconsin Card Sort, and almost all have found...

article

Wisconsin card sorting activated regional cerebral blood flow in first break and chronic schizophrenic patients and normal controls

Joel L. Steinberg, Michael D. Devous, Ronald G. Paulman

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 177-187

Dynamic ¹ ³ ³ Xe single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WCS) and the Number Matching task (NM) in six never-medicated first break schizophrenic and schizophreniform patients, seven chronic schizophrenic patients, and seven normal controls. Because of a difference in mean age...

article

The prevalence of tardive dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism and akathisia The Curacao Extrapyramidal Syndromes Study: I.

P.N. van Harten, G.E. Matroos, H.W. Hoek, R.S. Kahn

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 195-203

A prevalence study of extrapyramidal syndromes was conducted among all psychiatric inpatients of the Netherlands Antilles (n = 194; mean age 53.1). The Netherlands Antilles are very suitable for epidemiological research as it is a well-defined catchment area with only one psychiatric hospital and a health care system based on western principles. In this mainly chronic population, the prevalence...

article

An overview of schizophrenia genetic research presented at the 1995 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics, Cardiff

H.P. Vallada, H. Kunugi

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 87-92

The 1995 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics was held in Cardiff, UK, from August 29th to September 1st 1995. Two hundred and forty-seven posters were presented wherein approximately 130 studies were on schizophrenia. An overview of them is reported here. The abstracts of these studies are published in Psychiatric Genetics (vol. 5, suppl. 1, 1995).

article

Is there an obstetrical explanation for the decline in the incidence of schizophrenia?

J.M. Eagles, D.M. Campbell, N.C. Smith

Schizophrenia Research > 1996 > 19 > 2-3 > 221-222

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(SCHIZOPHRENIA) (9)
SCHIZOPHRENIA (5)
NEGATIVE SYMPTOM (2)
PREFRONTAL CORTEX (2)
TEMPORAL LOBE (2)
WISCONSIN CARD SORTING TEST (2)
AKATHISIA (1)
ALPHA (1)
AMINO ACID (1)
ANTIOXIDANTS (1)
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER (1)
BILATERAL FACTOR STRUCTURE (1)
BIOGENIC AMINES (1)
BRAIN TISSUE (1)
CATALASE (1)
CATECHOLAMINE (1)
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (1)
CNS INJURY (1)
COGNITIVE DEFICIT (1)
COGNITIVE REHABILITATION (1)
CORTICAL SUBPLATE (1)
DEPRESSION RATING SCALE (1)
EEG (1)
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYNDROME (1)
FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT (1)
FIBRIN DEGRADATION (1)
FOUR-DIMENSIONAL SYMPTOM MODEL (1)
FREE RADICALS (1)
FRONTAL CORTEX (1)
FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING (1)
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE (1)
HETEROMODAL CORTEX (1)
HISTAMINE (1)
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE (1)
HYPOFRONTALITY (1)
IN UTERO (1)
INFLAMMATION (1)
INHERITANCE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA (1)
INTERRATER RELIABILITY (1)
INTERSTITIAL NEURON (1)
MAP2 (1)
METABOLIC ACTIVITY PATTERN (1)
METABOLITES (1)
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS (1)
NEUROANATOMY (1)
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY (1)
OXYRADICAL (1)
PARKINSON'S DISEASE (1)
PARKINSONISM (1)
POLYDIPSIA (1)
POLYURIA (1)
POSITIVE SYMPTOM (1)
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (1)
PREVALENCE (1)
PROBLEM SOLVING (1)
PROTON MAGENTIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (1)
PSEUDOAKATHISIA (1)
PSYCHOSIS (1)
REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW (1)
RISK FACTOR (1)
SELF-ADMINISTERED SYMPTOM SCALE (1)
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (1)
SUBCORTICAL DEMENTIA (1)
SUBSYNDROME (1)
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (1)
TARDIVE DYSKINESIA (1)
TARDIVE DYSTONIA (1)
TWIN (1)
TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (1)
ULTRASOUND (1)
VALIDITY (1)
WISCONSIN CARD SORT (1)
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Schizophrenia Research

Cerebral metabolic activity correlates of subsyndromes in chronic schizophrenia

Free radical pathology and antioxidant defense in schizophrenia: a review

Symptoms, cognitive and social functioning in recent-onset schizophrenia: A longitudinal study

Impaired antioxidant defense at the onset of psychosis

A study of enzymes involved in catecholamine metabolism in parents of patients with schizophrenia

A study of the interrelationship between and comparative interrater reliability of the SAPS, SANS and PANSS

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the temporal lobes in schizophrenics and normal controls

Family history of autoimmune diseases in psychosis

Fibrin degradation products in post mortem brain tissue of schizophrenics: a possible marker for underlying inflammatory processes

Fetal brain development of twins assessed in utero by ultrasound: implications for schizophrenia

Exploratory factor analysis of MRI brain structure measures in schizophrenia

A psychometric comparison of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

The relationship between urine excretion and biogenic amines and their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients

Increased density of microtubule associated protein 2-immunoreactive neurons in the prefrontal white matter of schizophrenic subjects

Validity of self-administered symptom scales in clients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders

Cerebral blood flow activation and functional lesions in schizophrenia

Wisconsin card sorting activated regional cerebral blood flow in first break and chronic schizophrenic patients and normal controls

The prevalence of tardive dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism and akathisia The Curacao Extrapyramidal Syndromes Study: I.

An overview of schizophrenia genetic research presented at the 1995 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics, Cardiff

Is there an obstetrical explanation for the decline in the incidence of schizophrenia?

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