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Homologous recombination (HR) has a major impact in bacterial evolution. Most of the knowledge about the mechanisms and control of HR in bacteria has been obtained in fast growing bacteria. However, in their natural environment bacteria frequently meet adverse conditions which restrict the growth of cells. We have constructed a test system to investigate HR between a plasmid and a chromosome in carbon-starved...
N-(Deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene (dG AP ) is the predominant nitro polyaromatic hydrocarbon product generated from the air pollutant 1-nitropyrene reacting with DNA. Previous studies have shown that dG AP induces genetic mutations in bacterial and mammalian cells. One potential source of these mutations is the error-prone bypass of dG AP lesions catalyzed by the low-fidelity...
Ionizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen, but its potency may be influenced by other environmental carcinogens, which is of practical importance in the assessment of risk. Data are scarce, however, on the combined effect of radiation with other environmental carcinogens and the underlying mechanisms involved. We studied the mode and mechanism of the carcinogenic effect of radiation in combination...
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon holoenzyme (Pol ɛ HE) is composed of four subunits: Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p and Dpb4p. The biological functions of Pol2p, the catalytic subunit of Pol ɛ, are subject of active investigation, while the role of the other three, noncatalytic subunits, is not well defined. We showed previously that mutations in Dpb2p, a noncatalytic but essential subunit...
To date, fewer than 50 mutagens have been studied for their ability to cause heritable mutations. The majority of those studied are classical mutagens like radiation and anti-cancer drugs. Very little is known about the dietary variables influencing germline mutation rates. Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and methylation and can impact chromatin structure. We therefore determined the effects...
Heavy ion irradiation has been used as radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors, and is also an inevitable health concern for astronauts in space mission. Unlike photons such as X-rays and γ-rays, a high linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ion has a varying energy distribution along its track. Therefore, it is important to determine the correlation of biological effects with the Bragg curve energy distribution...
Epidemiological studies have shown an association between alcohol (ethanol) consumption and increased cancer risk. The effect of alcohol consumption on the levels and persistence of N 2 -ethylidene-2′-deoxyguanosine (N 2 -ethylidene-dG) formed by acetaldehyde, the oxidative metabolite of ethanol, in human leukocyte DNA was investigated. DNA was isolated from venous blood samples obtained...
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