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Maintaining the integrity of the genome is critical for the survival of any organism. To achieve this, many families of enzymatic repair systems which recognize and repair DNA damage have evolved. Perhaps most intriguing about the workings of these repair systems is the actual damage recognition process. What are the chemical characteristics which are common to sites of nucleic acid damage that DNA...
Tissue inflammation and chronic infection lead to the overproduction of nitric oxide and superoxide. These two species rapidly combine to yield peroxynitrite (ONOO - ), a powerful oxidizing and nitrating agent that is thought be involved in both cell death and an increased cancer risk observed for inflamed tissues. ONOO - has been shown to induce single-strand breaks and base damage...
Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen species may be a significant source of endogenous mutagenesis in aerobic organisms. Using a selective assay for microsatellite instability in E. coli, we have asked whether endogenous oxidative mutagenesis can contribute to genetic instability. Instability of repetitive sequences, both in intronic sequences and within coding regions, is a hallmark of genetic instability...
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