This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).Reason: This is due to plagiarism of the following two papers:Human femoral neck has less cellular periosteum, and more mineralized periosteum, than femoral diaphyseal bone. Matthew R. Allen and David B. Burr, Bone, 36 (2005) 311–316, doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.10.013 and Periosteum: biology, regulation, and response to osteoporosis therapies. Matthew R. Allen, Janet M. Hock and David B. Burr, Bone, 35 (2004) 1003–1227 doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.07.014