Tourette syndrome is characterized by multiple vocal and one or motor tics which last longer than 1 year. The clinical phenomenology seems to be very similar irrespective of country of origin. Coprolalia (inappropriate uttering of obscenities) is what attracts attention in the media, but it is actually quite uncommon in Tourette syndrome. Recent studies indicate that Tourette syndrome is more common that was previously thought, affecting as high as 1% of youngsters between the ages of 5 and 17 years. The disorder is usually manifest by the age of 7 years, and then severity declines in the majority of cases by the age of 18 years. Psychopathology is common, with obsessive-compulsive behaviours (OCB) being not only integral but genetically related to Tourette syndrome; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common, with self-injurious behaviours and anger-control problems found in a significant proportion of people. Not surprisingly, quality of life has been reported to be reduced in Tourette syndrome patients. It is imperative to take a full history and perform a neurological examination when assessing patients. To be assured of the diagnosis, standardized schedules should be used, but these usually require training. Aetiological theories include genetic influences, autoimmune mechanisms, infections and pre- or perinatal injuries or insults. Treatment should be symptom-targeted and includes education, medication and behavioural therapies. Specialist referral is often indicated if there is any doubt about the diagnosis.