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In this paper, corn stalk was alkalized by gradient concentrations of sodium hydroxide and briquetted with anthracite coal. The bonding mechanism was explored by a combined analysis of physicochemical, microstructure and mechanical properties. Alkaline treatment had a large effect on decomposing most of lignin and dissolving the carbohydrates in corn stalk even at a low concentration of 1%. With the...
A new approach for the calculation of the interactions among the components of a thermal system for application to the concept of advanced exergy-based analysis is presented. The approach can be used to determine the thermodynamic interactions of system components, and to evaluate alternative designs. The new approach puts the calculation of endogenous and exogenous exergy destruction on a proper...
To reduce deployment and maintenance costs, a novel wave energy converter (WEC) is proposed for mooring-less sensor buoys. The design concept is based on a small size WEC capable of harvesting wave energy without mooring, which can reduce the installation cost. The proposed wave energy converter consists of a submerged and a floating body, and the submerged body is a self-rectifying wave-induced turbine...
Renewable energies are a key pillar of power sector decarbonisation. Due to the variability and uncertainty they add however, there is an increased need for energy storage. This adds additional infrastructure costs to a degree that is unviable: for an optimal case of 15 GW of storage by 2030, the cost of storage is circa: £1000/kW. A promising solution to this problem is to use the batteries contained...
The aim of this paper is to analyse the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol and biodiesel-diesel-n-hexanol blends without engine modification. The fuel constituents were varied between 0 and 100% in the range of 5%. In this, above 75% of biodiesel content, 5% of diesel and less than 20% of n-pentanol and n-hexanol content were...
To provide sufficient hydrogen at lower temperature (<180 °C) to small phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), an ultra-low-temperature (130–180 °C) methanol reformer with high hydrogen yield (5.9 × 10−4 mol/min, or 644.8 ml/min/cm3, at 180 °C) is developed and integrated with a high performance PAFC. Compared to the previous reformer [26], the performance of the current reformer can produce 39.4 folds...
Coal-to-SNG plays an irreplaceable and important role in the SNG industry of China. BGL gasifier is the most suitable for coal-to-SNG. In order to promote the development and improvement of SNG industry in China, it is of great significance to simulate, research and analyze the coal-to-SNG of BGL gasifier. In this paper, the whole process model of coal-to-SNG is established and the accuracy of the...
For the purposes of lowering environmental emission cost and increasing economic profit, energy efficient combined heat and power (CHP) units can be integrated with conventional separate heat and power production units to meet heat and power demands. The goal of this study is to develop and examine a novel heuristic and deterministic optimization algorithm for solving the profit-based unit commitment...
The objective of this study is to achieve a higher solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency through solar-fossil hybrid thermal power systems compared to a solar-only power plant. The study reveals the thermodynamic details for the improved solar-to-electricity efficiency in a solar hybrid power plant. A correlation was established to describe the main factors influencing the thermodynamic performances,...
Energy consumption in machining contributes a significant part of manufacturing cost and produces a great environmental impact. This paper provides a critical assessment on energy consumption in a machining system. Energy consumption is classified at the process, machine, and system levels. Machine tool power demand at different machine states by different components is also discussed. Then predictive...
The use of hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and gas development generates large quantities of flowback and produced (F/P) water as by-products. The current high treatment cost of F/P water inhibits development and profitability of shale oil and gas. The Integrated Precipitative Supercritical (IPSC) process, developed at Ohio University, could remediate F/P water produced from hydraulic fracturing...
This article describes the development of first carbon atlas of the state of Kuwait which is a major step forward to support the decarbonisation of an oil-rich state. The Kuwaiti power sector proved to be the predominant stationary source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission due to a high regional demand for electricity and water. The chemical industry ranked second in this analysis with a significant...
Exploring non Pt-based catalysts with high ORR performance still remains a great challenge in the development of energy conversion and storage devices. The aim of this study is preparing a novel ORR catalyst (Sm2O3 embedded in nitrogen doped carbon by calcination processes, named as Sm2O3-CN-1100) to substitute Pt catalysts. And the results of this study show that Sm2O3-CN-1100 displays good electrocatalytic...
Although CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers is now accepted as a potential option for atmospheric CO2 mitigation, the chemico-mineralogical property alterations in the aquifer formation associated with CO2/brine/rock mineral interactions, the corresponding influence on formation hydro-mechanical properties and the effect of rock mineral structure, are not yet fully understood. This study was therefore...
Hybrid Electric Vehicles are becoming more and more prevalent for economic and environmental reasons. Many studies have been conducted in order to improve Hybrid Electric Vehicle performance by increasing their autonomy while respecting the power demand of the electric motor and various constraints. Focusing on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle energy management problem, different approaches and strategies...
An hourly energy balance analysis is presented of the Australian National Electricity Market in a 100% renewable energy scenario, in which wind and photovoltaics (PV) provides about 90% of the annual electricity demand and existing hydroelectricity and biomass provides the balance. Heroic assumptions about future technology development are avoided by only including technology that is being deployed...
This paper presents a three-dimensional numerical modeling of a PEM fuel cell with tree-like flow field channels. Four different tree-like configurations are considered for the study based on a statistical analysis of the veins of the leaves of different trees. The number of bifurcations of the vein and their inclination are considered as parameters for the characterization. Four different configurations...
The targets for renewable energy set by the European Union have resulted in a surge in consumption of wood pellets, and the demand is expected to further increase the next decade. We use economic modelling to assess the impact on global wood-based product markets of gradually increasing wood pellets consumption within the EU. Comparing a scenario wherein consumption is determined exclusively by market...
This article reports and discusses the application of an analysis of reservoir greenhouse gas (GHG) emission using the net emission approach (difference between post-impoundment and pre-impoundment emissions) to assessments of GHG emissions from hydropower reservoirs compared with GHG emissions from thermal plants producing electrical energy. Reservoirs were chosen from a representative set of different...
Structural properties and functional groups variations of hydro-products from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of loblolly pine at 180, 200, 220, 240 and 260 °C were investigated in this paper. More than 50% fixed carbon content can be obtained in solid products, indicating HTC is a valued carbon sequestration method. The Higher Heating Value (HHV) of the solid residue from 260 °C reached 30.74 MJ/kg,...
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