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The Pontryagin's minimum principle is utilized in this paper to determine the best solution of component sizing and energy management strategy for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle which is equipped with a hybrid energy storage system. The hybrid energy storage system, including batteries and supercapacitors, is an effective solution to extend battery life span and reduce the vehicle operating cost...
In this work, crude glycerol was reformed over modified cerium-zirconium supports loaded with 5 wt% nickel catalyst by a combination of partial oxidation and steam reforming reactions to generate hydrogen via an auto-thermal process. Amongst the tested promoter elements, calcium showed the highest capability of enhancing the activity of the catalyst. Likewise, the composition of crude glycerol mixture...
Only a small part of the incident solar energy converts to the electrical power in photovoltaic devices. The majority of the energy loss contributes to the heat generation in devices and thus leads to a temperature rise, causing an inevitable impact on the performance of photovoltaic devices. Hence, loss processes in solar cells play very important roles in solar-electric conversion process. This...
The paper addresses the production of urea from carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the flue gas of the power plants as an alternative to other proposed and suggested processes. The conventional separation process of CO2 from flue gases has been so far directed to the methanol synthesis, while nitrogen, as the main part of the combustion product, is ignored. Carelessness about and lack of use of this byproduct...
Partial shading is considered as a curse for Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) array that targets to reduce system performance by minimizing power generation and creating hotspot that can damage the SPV modules connected in that array. During partial shading condition, irradiance received by the modules are different that leads to decrease in power generation from the SPV system. In this paper, the effect...
Among heat driven air conditioning systems, liquid desiccant air conditioning system can be assisted by low water temperature solar collectors. This can reduce the electricity demand of the air conditioning systems. Furthermore, these systems can provide possibility of energy storage in the form of chemical energy in the liquid desiccant solution or thermal energy in the solar collector hot water...
The aim of this research was to provide a methodology for calculating the energy and exergy balances for the thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge. The results of the balances were assessed and compared for three different scenarios (torrefaction, pyrolysis and pyrolysis combined with catalytic post-treatment of the vapors). The balances were calculated based on previously published experimental...
This study investigates the effect of waste tire (WT) addition to wheat straw (WS) pyrolysis feedstock on consequent liquid yield quality and quantity. Samples of WS, WT and different blend ratios of the two wastes were fed to a fixed bed reactor. Reactor temperature was increased at 20 °C/min up to 500 °C as suggested by the thermogravimetric analysis of the feedstocks. Nitrogen was used as sweeping...
Geocooling and thermal energy storage (TES) are two strategies that could help alleviate the energy and carbon emission burden from cooling commercial buildings. This simulation study analyses the potential for geocooling, both with and without TES, in a Mediterranean climate. Spherically-encapsulated phase change material (PCM) was used as the thermal storage medium in the TES system. A PCM TES tank...
In the study, to improve the efficiency of acid-catalyzed biodiesel production process, three acidic imidazolium ionic liquids were synthesized and employed to the production of biodiesel from palm oil under microwave irradiation. The prepared ionic liquids were characterized by NMR, FT-IR and TG-DTG. Among the three ionic liquids, ([HSO3-BMIM]HSO4) was proved to be the most suitable catalyst because...
This paper estimates the consumption effects of an electricity rate increase triggered by an electricity decarbonization policy's implementation. Underscoring its real-world relevance is the policy's net impact on CO2 emissions, the sum of (a) the supply-side impact attributable to using generation resources with low emissions to displace those with high emissions, and (b) the demand-side impact caused...
Because of extensive heat shortage and serious air pollution, industrial excess heat (IEH) has attracted much attention in the district heating (DH) markets of Northern China, as it has great potential for recycling and satisfying the large demand. Most of the available IEH is released at low temperature by steel plants, chemical plants, etc., which are located far away from the heat users. The energy...
Long term annual electricity consumption forecasting is very important for country's energy planning. These forecasts are influenced by several factors (political, technological, social, environmental and economic), and brings with itself a high uncertainty degree in its results and difficulties in the evaluation of such factors over them. A methodology that eases to take into account these factors...
To understand the reaction process of methane steam reforming in a sorption enhanced membrane reactor (SEMR), a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was developed to simulate the methane (CH4) steam reforming in a palladium-based membrane reactor using a Ni-based catalyst and Na2ZrO3 CO2 sorbent. The CFD model gained the insight of details in the reactor which could not be obtained by experiment...
Under the global implementation of low-carbon economy, the development of renewable energy becomes an important way of energy saving and emission reduction. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques are gaining popularity in renewable power sources (RPS) evaluation since this process involves many conflicting criteria. Classical MCDM techniques assume that decisions are conducted in a deterministic...
In this paper, an intelligent control strategy for a grid connected hybrid energy generation system consisting of Photovoltaic (PV) panels, Fuel Cell (FC) stack and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is proposed. Firstly, the dynamic modeling of the electrical energy resources is carried out. Then, the local controllers of DC-DC power converters are designed to regulate the operating points of the...
The power generation from renewable sources is an interesting alternative to the diversification of the energy matrix of a country. This paper presents a probabilistic valuation method for power generation projects from renewable sources. It focuses on biomass plants that use sugarcane bagasse. The main objective is to bring a wider knowledge surrounding projects for investors that participate in...
In this study, the effects of adding graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into jatropha methyl ester–diesel blended fuel (20% by volume jatropha methyl ester + 80% diesel; symbolized by JB20) on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine were experimentally investigated. The GNPs were added at different concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L of JB20. These blends were...
Amine dissolved in alcohol is one of the possible biphasic absorbents for CO2 capture. Monoethanolamine (MEA) and methylaminoethanol (MAE) in isooctanol and 1-heptanol, respectively, were tested as absorbents by using a self-made batch mode chemisorption apparatus. CO2 absorption vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) curves were obtained. Phase separation of the absorbent MEA in alcohols occurred readily...
Humanitarian and other development organisations are calling for replicable self-sustaining solutions to shared micro-utilities to ensure equitable modern energy delivery to energy-deprived village communities. Distributed smart microgrid technology allows for the efficient integration of sustainable resources to provide localised energy delivery at improved levels of reliability and resilience. Smart...
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