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This work deals with a study on estimation of energy consumption in eight readily defined unit operations of cashew nut processing. Data for analysis were collected from nine cashew nut mills stratified into small, medium and large categories to represent different mechanization levels. Series of equations were developed to easily compute requirements of electricity, fuel and labour for each of the...
An extensive North American pipeline grid that physically integrates individual natural-gas markets, in conjunction with economic ties binding the California markets to those at Henry Hub, Louisiana and the New York mercantile exchange via an array of financial instruments, suggests that the spot prices at Henry Hub will impact those in California. We verify the suggestion via a partial-adjustment...
Multi-criteria decision making is an emerging technique for evaluation and policy formulation for renewable energy technology promotion. In this paper, the case of the parabolic solar cooker (PSC), which is a relatively recent innovation, is evaluated with respect to eight prevalent domestic cooking devices in India. Thirty different criteria categorized under technical, economic, environmental, social,...
Independent air dehumidification provides an attractive alternative to traditional coupled air dehumidification with reduced energy use, better humidity control and indoor air quality. According to this concept, latent load is treated by an independent system and the sensible load is treated by chilled-ceiling panels. In this work, four independent air dehumidification systems with energy recovery...
The resource exergy conversion in Chinese society in 1993 under the material product system (MPS) was investigated. Major resources that entered the society were divided into subgroups and analyzed in detail. The end use was broken down into ten end-use sectors: the forestry industry, food industry, iron and steel industry, nonferrous metal industry, chemical industry, textile industry, transportation,...
The suitability of using biomass briquettes to substitute coal is debatable, as a substantial amount of energy is required for briquetting of biomass. In the present work, an attempt to evaluate the energetic viability of briquetting of agricultural residues compared with the energy embodied in coal in India has been made. Briquetting of agricultural residues is not found to be an energetically viable...
A systematic and general methodology for defining and calculating exergetic efficiencies and exergy related costs in thermal systems is proposed. The methodology is based on the Specific Exergy Costing (SPECO) approach, in which (a) the fuel and product of a component are defined by taking a systematic record of all exergy additions to and removals from all the exergy streams of the system, and (b)...
Greenhouse farming is a growing industry in many states. It is a very expensive way to produce greenhouse crops and there are many variables to consider before the farmer decides to take this route. A good location is essential for crop planning and growing. However, current studies related to energy use patterns and resources present in vegetable production are very limited. This research attempts...
This paper assessed the economic impact of alternative depreciation methods on the development of combined heat-and-power (CHP) systems in the Brazilian industrial sector. Alternative depreciation methods were proposed and the case study of a Brazilian chemical plant showed that the most effective depreciation method for the promotion of CHP plants in Brazil was the Matheson method with an accelerated...
A combined power and cooling cycle is being investigated. The cycle is a combination of a Rankine cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle. The vapor exiting the turbine in this cycle is cold enough to extract refrigeration output. This combined cycle is being proposed for application with lower temperature heat sources such as solar, geothermal, and industrial waste heat with the primary objective...
Alumina refinery is an energy intensive industry. Traditional energy saving methods employed have been single-equipment-orientated. Based on two concepts of ‘energy carrier’ and ‘system’, this paper presents a method that analyzes the effects of unit process energy intensity (e) and product ratio (p) on overall energy intensity of alumina. The important conclusion drawn from this method is that it...
The major heat load of buildings and workshops, made of metal structures, is the solar energy supplied through the roof. Several passive modifications have been introduced to the roof in order to reduce the temperature of indoor air in arid areas. An experimental investigation, employing passive modifications, has been carried out to study the reduction in air temperature. The results show that the...
An innovative configuration of fuel cell technology is proposed based on a hybrid fuel cell system that integrates a turbogenerator to overcome the intrinsic limitations of fuel cells in conventional operation. An analysis is done of the application of molten carbonate fuel cell technology at the Guadalix Fuel Cell Test Facility, for the assessment of the performance of the fuel cell prototype to...
This paper presents the results of a study for a 100kW net electrical power PEM fuel cell system. The major system components are an autothermal reformer, high and low temperature shift reactors, a preferential oxidation reactor, a PEM fuel cell, a combustor and an expander. Intensive heat integration within the PEM fuel cell system has been necessary to achieve acceptable net electrical efficiency...
The real thermodynamic inefficiencies in a thermal system are related to exergy destruction and exergy loss. An exergy analysis identifies the system components with the highest exergy destruction and the processes that cause them. However, only a part of the exergy destruction in a component can be avoided. A minimum exergy destruction rate for each system component is imposed by physical, technological,...
The objective of this study has been to create a Stirling engine model for studying the effects of regenerator matrix temperature oscillations on Stirling engine performance.A one-dimensional model with axial discretisation of engine components has been formulated using the control volume method. The model contains a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) derived from mass and energy balances...
In this paper, we have proposed a gas turbine combined cycle with the integration of low-temperature thermal energy and methanol decomposition, and also investigated a principle of the cascade utilization of chemical exergy of fuel. Here, the combustion of methanol fuel is divided up into two steps: the methanol is decomposed into the syngas with hydrogen and carbon monoxide through recovering the...
The goal of this study is to evaluate co-firing of gasified CO 2 neutral biofuel in a retrofitted natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) combined heat and power (CHP) unit designed for natural gas operation. This type of situation may be particularly relevant if future CO 2 abatement policies require that owners of natural gas fired CHP units reduce CO 2 emissions. The study investigates...
Mathematicians and engineers have developed in a joint research project a solution approach for performing simultaneous structural and design variable optimization in the design of cost-effective complex energy conversion systems. The paper presents a methodology and an application to the design of a combined-cycle power plant that provides fixed amounts of electricity and steam for a paper factory...
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