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Selection and evaluation of biofilm carrier represent the two significant ways for improving the anaerobic digesters. This study investigated the performances of the AD (anaerobic digestion) reactors using three types of fibrous biofilm carriers, including the ACF (activated carbon fiber), the PVAF (polyvinyl alcohol fiber) and the GF (glass fiber). The biogas and methane production, pH, COD (chemical...
Traditional methods of evaluating energy performance of building tend to focus on comparing the observed energy consumption with the average value of energy consumption by regression method or theoretical value calculated by simulation analysis. For evaluating and ranking the energy performance of buildings, this paper proposed a perspective of multiple objective outputs to evaluate the energy performance...
As production of palm oil is expanding, a more efficient use of oil palm biomass to obtain more energy from oil palm plantations is investigated. The work was carried out on a fluidised bed bench scale fast pyrolysis unit, with the objective of determining the important conditions and key variables which are required to maximise the liquid yield and its quality. The investigation on the impact of...
Electricity supply in remote areas around the world is mostly guaranteed by diesel generators. This relatively inefficient and expensive method is responsible for 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in Canada annually. Some low- and high-penetration wind–diesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented in order to reduce the diesel consumption. We explore the re-engineering of current...
Energy system analyses on the basis of fast and simple tools have proven particularly useful for interdisciplinary planning projects with frequent iterations and re-evaluation of alternative scenarios. As such, the tool “EnergyPLAN” is used for hourly balanced and spatially aggregate annual analyses of energy scenarios. For the relatively fast dynamics of electrical energy systems, additional requirements...
This paper proposes the use of a new Measure–Correlate–Predict (MCP) method to estimate the long-term wind speed characteristics at a potential wind energy conversion site. The proposed method uses the probability density function of the wind speed at a candidate site conditioned to the wind speed at a reference site. Contingency-type bivariate distributions with specified marginal distributions are...
Recent technical developments have made it possible to generate electricity from geothermal resources of low and medium enthalpy. One of these technologies is the Kalina Cycle System. In this study, electricity generation from Simav geothermal field was investigated using the Kalina cycle system-34 (KCS-34). However, the design of these technologies requires more proficiency and longer times within...
In the present paper, design and economics of the novel type of thermal control system for datacenter using heat pipe based cold energy storage has been proposed and discussed. Two types of cold energy storage system namely: ice storage system and cold water storage system are explained and sized for datacenter with heat output capacity of 8800 kW. Basically, the cold energy storage will help to reduce...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the torrefaction behavior of woody biomass (Lauan) blocks and its influence on the properties of the wood. Three different torrefaction temperatures of 220, 250 and 280 °C, corresponding to light, mild and severe torrefactions, and four torrefaction times of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h were considered. After analyzing the torrefied woods, it was found that the torrefaction...
This study attempts to examine empirically dynamic causal relationships between aggregate output, energy consumption, exports, capital and labour in the case of Turkey using the time series data for the period 1968–2008. This research tests the interrelationships between the variables using the bounds testing to cointegration procedure. The bounds test results indicate that there exists a long-run...
It is generally acknowledged that the petroleum industry plays an important role in China’s national economic and social development. The direct, indirect, and induced impacts of China’s petroleum industry are analyzed in this study by using the Input–Output approach. The study also considers the main challenges that China’s economy might face in the future. The research results suggest the following:...
Solar power assisted different techniques of MED-VC (multi effect distillation-vapor compression) processes is thermo-economically analyzed and evaluated. In this work, two techniques of solar power cycles are considered to power on MED-PF-TVC, MVC (multi effect distillation thermal and mechanical vapor compressions). In the first technique, the developed solar thermal power is directly transmitted...
Turkish electricity sector has been undergoing significant regulatory reforms since 2001 and competition was introduced to some extent. This paper examines potential impacts of full liberalization on efficiency and competition in the electricity market using an applied computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and a counter-factual simulation. Simulation results imply enhanced efficiency in the electricity...
This work focuses on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) containing Jatropha curcas oil (JCO). Solid base and acid catalysts were prepared and tested for transesterification in a batch reactor under mild reaction conditions. Mixtures of solid base and acid catalysts were also tested for single-step simultaneous esterification and transesterification...
PSO (particle swarm optimization) technique is applied to estimate monthly average daily GSR (global solar radiation) on horizontal surface for different regions of Iran. To achieve this, five new models were developed as well as six models were chosen from the literature. First, for each city, the empirical coefficients for all models were separately determined using PSO technique. The results indicate...
Dynamic simulation of helium plants using Aspen Hysys ® , V7.0 has been validated using cool-down temperature data from two existing helium plants under operation. Fluid properties of helium using 32-term MBWR EOS are found to be numerically unstable and Hepak ® data has been fed as a table. Metal properties in Aspen Hysys ® do not have temperature dependence and NIST data...
Recently biodiesel, as an alternative fuel is getting more significance to replace diesel fuel completely or partially. However, corrosion of automotive materials in biodiesel is a major concern as this can reduce engine life. This study aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of mild steel at three different temperatures such as room temperature, 50 and 80 °C. Static immersion tests in B0 (diesel),...
The behavior of liquefaction of Shengli (SL) lignite with methanol and CaO in the presence of FeS and tetralin (THN) was studied. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the liquefaction behavior of SL lignite with methanol and CaO were preliminarily investigated. The liquefaction products obtained were analyzed by FTIR spectrum and elemental analysis. The results show that SL lignite liquefaction...
A phase Doppler anemometer system was used to study gas-particle flow characteristics of a conical rings concentrator for a centrally fuel-rich burner. The influences of distance between adjacent rings on the distribution of mean axial velocity, particle volume flux, particle number concentration, rich/lean air ratio, concentration ratio and resistance coefficient were obtained. In each cross-section,...
This paper examines the dynamic relationships between pollutant emissions, energy consumption, and the output for Brazil during 1980–2007. The Grey prediction model (GM) is applied to predict three variables during 2008–2013. In the long-run equilibrium emissions appear to be both energy consumption and output inelastic, but energy is a more important determinant of emissions than output. This may...
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