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In this paper, the performance of the ORC (organic Rankine cycle) powered by geothermal water, in three different configurations, including the simple ORC, PTORC (parallel two-stage ORC) and STORC (series two-stage ORC), using zeotrpoic working fluids is investigated from the viewpoints of the energy and exergy. In addition, considering the net power output and TSP (turbine size parameter) as the...
The hydrogen over-producing Escherichia coli HD701, a hydrogenase up-regulated strain, has the potential for industrial-scale hydrogen production; however, this strain is unable to metabolize sucrose which is a major constituent of many waste organic materials that can be used as feedstock for industrial hydrogen production. Invertase from Sacharomyces cervacea (yeast) was partially purified and characterized...
Cylindrical hybrid supercapacitors were fabricated using activated carbon as a cathode and Li4-xMxTi5-yNyO12 (M = Na, N=V, Mn) as an anode. We investigated the effect on the electrochemical performances of dopants. Although all dopants affect the electrochemical performances of hybrid supercapacitors, it is notable that the Na and V dopants not only improve the conductivity but also lower the operating...
A comparative study between PtAu/MWCNT and Pt/C (commercial) as cathodic electrocatalyst of H2/O2 fuel cell is performed. PtAu/MWCNT is synthesized using the reverse microemulsion method and this procedure is scaled-up in order to prepare membrane-electrode assemblies for fuel cells with an active area of 9 cm2. Those electrocatalysts are characterized by both physicochemical techniques and electrochemical...
A framework based on advanced exergoeconomic analysis is proposed for evaluation and optimization of oil shale retorting processes. The proposed approach aims to facilitate identification of the improvement potential of energy conversion systems in oil shale retorting. A Fushun-type OSR (oil shale retorting) process is analyzed to illustrate the application of the proposed framework. The results indicate...
The three HPHX (heat pipe heat exchanger) configurations in the present investigation include HPHX with single wick structure (HPHX 1), HPHX with composite wick structure (HPHX 2) and hybrid HPHX (HPHX 3) which is the combination of HPHX 1 and HPHX 2. The experimental correlations obtained are used for investigating annual energy savings in air conditioning using HPHX integrated with and without evaporative...
Maintenance strategy for energy conversion equipment degradation is now experiencing the transformation from fail-and-fix to predict-and-prevent due to the equipment complexity and the strict requirements for equipment reliability. Actually, the current situation of world class maintenance is providing never-before-seen opportunities and challenges for the maintenance specialists. For this problem,...
This paper presents the design and evaluation of a dynamic simulator for an ISCC (integrated solar combined cycle) plant. The design of the simulator is based on the phenomenological equations for both a combined cycle plant and a solar plant. The simulator incorporates a regulatory control strategy based on PI (proportional-integral) controllers and was developed in the MATLAB/Simulink® environment...
Use of bioenergy can contribute to greenhouse gas emission reductions and increased energy security. However, even though biomass is a renewable resource, the potential is limited, and efficient use of available biomass resources will become increasingly important. This paper aims to explore system interactions related to future bioenergy utilization and cost-efficient bioenergy technology choices...
Abundant natural gas at low prices has prompted industry and politicians to welcome gas as a ‘bridge fuel’ between today's coal-intensive electric power generation and a future low-carbon grid. We used existing national datasets and publicly available models to investigate the upper limit to the emission benefits of natural gas in the USA power sector. As a limiting case, we analyzed a switch of all...
This paper explores the relationships between the prices of crude oil, corn and ethanol over the period from January 1986 to August 2015 using a Vector Autoregressive Model and Vector Error Correction Model. The structural breaks are endogenously determined using these variables and then the overall period is divided into three sub-periods. A long-run causal relationship among these three prices is...
This research presents first empirical time series evidence of the impact of international trade on environmental quality in the case of transition countries. The linkages between international trade and environmental quality are well established both theoretically and empirically in the literature. However, there exists no empirical study concerning environmental quality and international trade....
A number of innovative concepts were proposed to harness energy from waves, currents, tides, and offshore winds. Over the past decade, the possibility of utilizing the oscillations due to VIV (vortex induced vibration) for possible power generation has received considerable attention. In order to understand the underlying physics behind this problem under high Reynold's number, a comprehensive physical...
In this paper, a 2-D numerical investigation and a sensitivity analysis of combined turbulent mixed convection and radiation heat transfer have been done using two phase mixture model in a solar heat exchanger. Numerical simulations are carried out to study the effects of the four parameters, the Richardson number (10−2 ≤ Ri ≤ 102), volume fraction of nanoparticles (0.00 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.04), nanoparticles...
In this study, a multi-objective MILP (mixed integer linear programming) model has been developed for the optimization of a distributed energy network integrated with heating interchanges. The model allows to determine the energy generation components among various candidates, the site and size of each selected technology, optimal running schedule, as well as optimal lay-out of heating pipelines....
The paper aims at demonstrating that the consideration of constant start-up costs and ramps of the thermal generating units for assessing the contribution of pumped-hydro energy storage to reduce the scheduling costs of hydrothermal power systems with high wind penetration, may yield unrealistic results. For this purpose, an isolated power system is used as a case study. The contribution of a pumped-storage...
Energy can be recovered from stillage from cellulosic biorefineries in different ways, including direct combustion and fast pyrolysis. These different energy conversion routes require different level of inputs from natural resources, non-renewable resources, and economic services. Due to the high energetic and economic costs of stillage recovery methods, it is essential to perform a sustainability...
A study was performed to elucidate the influence of biomass type on char steam gasification kinetics. Isothermal experiments were carried out in a thermobalance in chemical regime on nineteen biomass chars produced under the same conditions. The reactivity obtained varied of a factor of more than thirty. This large difference appeared to be correlated with the biomass inorganic elements. In particular,...
A flame fuel cell setup is designed and built based on a micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell and a two-layer porous media burner. The stable operation limits of the burner are obtained by adjusting the inlet gas velocity and the equivalence ratio. Methane fuel-rich flames are stabilized inside the burner from the equivalence ratio of 1.4–1.8. The effects of the equivalence ratio and the gas velocity...
In Asia, two wheelers are popular mode of transportation to a large group of people because of their relative affordability and ability to maneuver in heavy city traffic. However, the rate of fuel consumption and emission contribution by them, especially in urban areas need more attention to improve sustainability of energy and air quality. Recently, plug-in hybrid technology has been emerged as one...
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