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When modelling the environmental and economic aspects of meeting a given heat and power demand with a combination of combined heat and power (CHP) and grid power, it is common to use a coarse temporal precision such as 1-h demand blocks in heat and power demand data. This may be appropriate for larger applications where demand is reasonably smooth, but becomes questionable for applications where demand...
The effects of applying micro-CHP systems to a single dwelling, and to various dwellings within a group, are investigated by using gas and electricity consumption data recorded on a 1-min time base across a full year. Micro-CHP systems based on Stirling engines and fuel cells are predicted to supply 25–46% of the single dwelling's annual electricity demand. For all days of the year, the daily load...
The paper deals with an innovative (120kWe, 195kWt) natural gas (NG) combined heat and power (CHP) system, at present under development, which has been set up at the FIAT Centre of Research (CRF), Turin, Italy. The main characteristics of the CHP system are: the use of an automotive derived internal combustion engine, a high part load electrical efficiency due to a variable speed operation strategy...
It is commonly assumed that dispatch of micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) should be heat driven, where the unit turns on when a heat load is present, and turns off or modulates when there is little or no heat demand. However, this heat led operating strategy—typical of large-scale CHP applications—may not be economically justified as scale decreases. This article investigates cost-effective...
This paper considers the relationship between heat-saving and micro-combined heat and power (μCHP) technological interventions for reducing the carbon footprint of existing domestic dwellings within the UK housing stock. The relationship between the annual heat requirement of individual dwellings and the CO 2 savings attributable to different μCHP systems is investigated (by means of predictive...
A novel proposal for the modeling and operation of a micro-CHP (combined-heat-and-power) residential system based on HT-PEMFC (High Temperature-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) technology is described and analyzed to investigate its commercialization prospects. An HT-PEMFC operates at elevated temperatures, as compared to Nafion-based PEMFCs and therefore can be a significant candidate for cogeneration...
To face winter electricity peaking issues the authors proposes an analysis of the potential of distributed gas technologies for demand side management. This impact has to be analysed at small scale before any large scale extrapolation. Bi-energy technologies (gas and electricity) are a path to transfer loads from one system to another. Indeed, the flexible gas infrastructure adapts to load while electricity...
Against the background of the ambitious German targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency, this paper investigates the economic potential for thermal load management with virtual power plants consisting of micro-cogeneration plants, heat pumps and thermal storage within the residential sector. An optimising energy system model of the electricity and residential heat supply in Germany is developed...
Recently, the micro CHP (combined heat and power) systems were developed to utilize the various low-grade heat sources in the industrial and residential sectors. However, the low-grade heat sources for micro-CHP systems were unsuitable for application to the conventional blade-type micro-steam turbines, because the low-grade heat sources of the saturated steam conditions included with condensing droplets...
In this paper, the original compact shell-and-tube heat exchanger with circular minichannels of in-house design and manufacturing is presented as the condenser for the domestic micro heat and power plant investigations as well as other future technical applications. The heat exchanger is equipped with turbulizing baffles inside the shell. The shell itself is made of a tubular sleeve having an inner...
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