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During system development, large-scale, complex energy systems require multi-disciplinary efforts to achieve system quality, cost, and performance goals. As systems become larger and more complex, the number of possible system configurations and technologies, which meet the designer’s objectives optimally, increases greatly. In addition, both transient and environmental effects may need to be taken...
The interest in energy from biomass, in particular for transportation, is related to the need to differentiate the energy sources to improve environment and protect human health. Objective of this study is a comparative evaluation of performance and exhaust emissions of an automotive diesel engine fuelled by mixtures of rapeseed and soybean methyl ester with reference to mineral diesel fuel. The spatial...
There are many studies showing that the performance results for engines operating with biofuels are acceptable, although very few long-term analysis of wear and maintenance problems are shown. Three mono-cylinder compression ignition engines were tested for approximately 1000h each, with pure diesel oil (D100), pure soy methyl ester (SME100) and pure castor oil methyl ester (CME100). The lubricating...
Rice husk lean-combustion in a bubbling and atmospheric fluidized bed reactor (FBR) of 0.3m diameter with expansion to 0.4m in the freeboard zone and 3m height was investigated. Experiment design – response surface methodology (RSM) – is used to evaluate both excess air and normal fluidizing velocity influence (independent and controllable variables), in the combustion efficiency (carbon transformation),...
The combined-cycle gas and steam turbine power plant presents three main pieces of equipment: gas turbines, steam turbines and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). In case of HRSG failure the steam cycle is shut down, reducing the power plant output. Considering that the technology for design, construction and operation of high capacity HRSGs is quite recent its availability should be carefully evaluated...
Carbon capture from conventional power cycles is accompanied by a significant loss of efficiency. One process concept with a potential for better performance is chemical-looping combustion (CLC). CLC uses a metal oxide to oxidize the fuel, and the reduced metal is then re-oxidized in a second reactor with air. The combustion products CO 2 and water remain unmixed with nitrogen, thereby avoiding...
This paper introduces the ECOS 2009 conference World Energy Panel, and presents the opening talk that briefly surveys the present (2009) situation in sustainable energy development. Recent (2008) estimates and forecasts of the oil, gas, coal resources and their reserve/production ratio, nuclear and renewable energy potential, and energy uses are surveyed. A brief discussion of the status, sustainability...
The reduction of energy and water demand is a critical issue in various industrial sectors like the pulp and paper industry. This objective may be achieved through properly designed heat and mass transfer networks. This work introduces a new methodology for the synthesis of these systems.The procedure here presented is specifically conceived for networks with two distinct sections: the simultaneous...
India’s aspiration for economic growth has consequences for energy growth and CO 2 emissions. This paper examines India’s need for energy with 20 year perspectives. From an earlier paper by K. Parikh et al. (2009), demand scenario are examined from the supply perspectives ranging from coal, hydrocarbon, nuclear, hydrogen, hydro and other renewable etc. None of these are substantial and India...
The paper briefly summarizes China’s energy situation and sustainable development strategy as they were by 2009. The energy consumption in 2009 is reported to be 3.1 billion tons standard coal equivalent, 1/7 of the world total, 6.3% higher than in the year 2008, and its share of world CO 2 emissions increased rapidly to 20.3% in 2006. These trends are most likely to continue with China’s...
Nowadays one of the most important environmental issues is the exponential increase of the greenhouse effect by the polluting action of the industrial and transport sectors. The production of biofuels is considered a viable alternative for the pollution mitigation but also to promote rural development. The work presents an analysis of the environmental impacts of the methanol production from sugarcane...
Demand for bioethanol has grown considerably over the last years. Even though Brazil has been producing ethanol from sugarcane on a large scale for decades, this industry is characterized by low energy efficiency, using a large fraction of the bagasse produced as fuel in the cogeneration system to supply the process energy requirements. The possibility of selling surplus electricity to the grid or...
A novel cogeneration system is proposed for power generation and seawater desalination. It combines the CRGT (chemically recuperated gas turbine) with the MED-TVC (multi-effect thermal vapor compression desalination) system. The CRGT contains a MSR (methane-steam reformer). The produced syngas includes plenty of steam and hydrogen, so the working medium flow increases and NO x emissions can...
This paper presents an exergy analysis of SNG production via indirect gasification of various biomass feedstock, including virgin (woody) biomass as well as waste biomass (municipal solid waste and sludge). In indirect gasification heat needed for endothermic gasification reactions is produced by burning char in a separate combustion section of the gasifier and subsequently the heat is transferred...
This study presents a thermal and economic performance analysis of a LT-MEE (low-temperature multi-effect evaporation) water desalination system coupled with an LiBr–H 2 O ABHP (absorption heat pump). A 60–78% water production increase over a stand-alone LT-MEE run at the same heat source conditions can be obtained owing to the coupling. A detailed thermodynamic sensitivity analysis of the...
In this paper the authors compare monoethanolamine (MEA) to aqueous ammonia (AA) and a solvent mixture of aqueous ammonia and ethanol (EAA) with respect to their post-combustion CO 2 capture performance and their environmental impact. Simulation of all processes was carried out with Aspen Plus ® and compared to experimental results for CO 2 scrubbing with ammonia. Of special...
A power interchange operation, in which electricity generated by residential gas engine cogeneration systems is shared among the residences in a housing complex without a reverse power flow to a commercial electric power system, has a high energy-saving effect. In this study, the optimal sizing of the residential gas engine cogeneration system for the power interchange operation is discussed from...
The biosolids originating from the wastewater treatment process of two meat processing plants (LFP and LFG) were characterized as a fuel and their potential for utilization as alternative energy sources was assessed through the combustion of LFP in a pilot scale cyclone combustor. A comparative evaluation of the LFP, LFG and SD (sawdust) properties as well as the emissions during the combustion test...
Environmental information obtained through Life Cycle Analysis techniques has been incorporated into a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The solution of the model provides the optimal configuration and operation of an energy supply system to be installed, minimizing the environmental burden associated with production of equipment and consumption of resources. Starting from a superstructure...
The Crepuscular Earth presented here is a guess reference model of the planet in which all mineral resources have been extracted and dispersed and fossil fuels have been burnt. It serves as a realistic limit of resources to assess the Earth’s non-renewable exergy capital.Under such conditions we estimate a state of the atmosphere and hydrosphere using updated fossil fuels stocks (1925 GtC for proven...
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