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To produce a bio-oil having a high concentration of furfural, corn stover was fast-pyrolyzed using ZnCl2 in a fluidized bed reactor at 330–430 °C. The effects of various parameters such as reaction temperature, water- and acid-washing prior to pyrolysis, and ZnCl2 content on the product and furfural yields were investigated. Moreover, solvent extraction was conducted using toluene at different mass...
This study examines pyrolysis-based electricity generation and ethanol production using various crops and agricultural residuals in Taiwan. It analyzes the net economic and environmental effects within the framework of the Extended Taiwanese Agricultural Sector Model by incorporating ongoing and potential gasoline, coal and GHG (greenhouse gas) prices. The study discusses the effects of agricultural...
The aim of this work was to assess the energy potential of food waste energy harvesting system (digestion followed by pyrolysis of digestate). Digestate (DFW) with increased calorific content was produced after a commercial one stage anaerobic digestion of the raw food waste (RFW). Separate pyrolysis of RFW and DFW (digestated food waste) distributed 15.7 MJ/kg and 17.2 MJ/kg respectively, among the...
Renewable diesel productions through HTL (hydrothermal liquefaction) and pyrolysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were compared based on energetic and economic evaluation. The whole biofuel production pathway was simulated, from the microalgae cultivation step to the upgrading of the bio-oil. Alternative dewatering technologies were evaluated to decrease the energy consumption and the bio-diesel cost...
The present study focuses on the pyrolysis characteristics of OPF (oil palm fiber) and OPFP (oil palm fiber pellet) in N2 and CO2 to evaluate the impacts of biomass pattern and carrier gas on the three-phase products. Three different reaction temperatures of 400, 450, and 500 °C along with 30 min pyrolysis are considered. The results indicate that OPFP pyrolysis gives a higher liquid yield when compared...
Cyanobacteria, as a renewable source of carbon, was used to prepare activated carbon electrodes in supercapacitors. The activation includes a pre-carbonization at 400 °C followed by KOH heat treatment at 800 °C, leading to efficient and high degree of graphitization. The activated carbon electrode consisted primarily of carbon and oxygen, and possessed a large specific surface area of 2184 m2 g−1,...
The pyrolysis of soybean shell and the immediate catalytic upgrading of the bio-oil over an equilibrium FCC catalyst was studied in order to define its potential as a source for fuels and chemicals. The experiments of pyrolysis and immediate catalytic upgrading were performed at 550 °C during 7 min with different catalysts to oil relationships in an integrated fixed bed pyrolysis-conversion reactor...
This work aims to provide an accurate and simple model, predicting the time dependent devolatilization of woody biomass at conditions (Tgas < 2000 K) and particle sizes (<2 mm) relevant to suspension fired boilers. The zero dimensional model is developed from reference calculations with a one-dimensional heat transport model coupled with a drying and a devolatilization model. The model output...
This work offers a mechanistic investigation of the thermal degradation of lignin in the recovery of energy from biomass waste (i.e., lignin). Particularly, this work describes the influence of CO2 in the pyrolysis process since pyrolysis process has been known as an intermediate step for gasification. This work experimentally justifies the effectiveness of the influence of CO2 in pyrolysis of lignin...
The catalytic pyrolysis of Tetraselmis sp. and Isochrysis sp. was carried out over ceria based catalysts in a fixed bed reactor. There was a clear effect of the catalysts on the product yields and quality, with the catalysts able to recover a large fraction of the starting microalgae energy (67–77%) in the bio-oils. Bio-oil yield was found to be higher in presence of Ni–Ce/Al2O3 and Ni–Ce/ZrO2 (26 wt...
To investigate the kinetic behavior and the release of evolved gases in the pyrolysis process for waste tea, the technique of TG-FTIR at different heating rates was introduced in this study. The mass loss of the waste tea was divided into two steps: the volatilization of water at the temperature lower than 210 °C, and the volatilization of CO2 and organic compounds at the temperature range of 210–550 °C...
Energy consumption in KSA (kingdom of Saudi Arabia) is growing rapidly due to economic development with raised levels of population, urbanization and living standards. Fossil fuels are currently solely used to meet the energy requirements. The KSA government have planned to double its energy generating capacity (upto 120 GW (gigawatts)) by 2032. About half of the electricity capacity of this targeted...
Pretreating biomass prior to pyrolysis was investigated. Three undesirable catalysts naturally present in biomass were identified: inorganics, acids, and water. A pretreatment sequence incorporating acid leaching and torrefaction was developed to reduce/remove these catalysts. Acid leaching targeted reducing the biomass's inorganic content. The acidic liquor produced during torrefaction was rich in...
The feasibility of catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolytic conversion of low value post-consumer high density polyethylene (HPDE) plastic into crude oil and subsequent distillation was explored. Translation of optimized conditions for catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis from TGA to a bench-scale system was validated using another kind of plastic (HDPE). The properties of the plastic crude (PC) oil...
Blast furnace (BF) slag, a byproduct of steelmaking industry, contains a large amount of sensible heat and is composed of some metal oxides, which exhibits preferable catalytic performance in improving tar cracking and CnHm reforming. This paper presents a heat recovery system from the heat of BF slag, which generates hydrogen-rich gas via the endothermic reactions of sludge pyrolysis. The effects...
Two types of the biochars, pyrochar and hydrochar derived from low temperature pyrolysis (LTP) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge were prepared and characterized. Their gasification properties were further experimentally evaluated. The results showed that the hydrochar was more hydrophobic than the pyrochar. The hydrochar was rich in nitrogen-containing functional groups and increased...
Microwave pyrolysis using a well-mixed bed of activated carbon as both the microwave absorber and reaction bed was investigated for its potential to recover useful products from waste palm cooking oil – a cooking oil widely used in Asia. The carbon bed provided rapid heating (∼18 °C/min) and a localized reaction hot zone that thermally promoted extensive pyrolysis cracking of the waste oil at 450 °C,...
The kinetic analysis of the complex process of Moroccan Rif oil shale pyrolysis was studied in detail by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and its derivative (DTG) under non-isothermal conditions. The investigated pyrolysis region, located between 325 and 600 °C, is formed by partially overlapping peaks and it was successfully separated into three discrete processes using the mathematical Fraser-Suzuki...
The cracking of tar from rice husk pyrolysis is examined using tar reaction conditions similar to gasification and combustion because of the practical importance of tar cracking in the modeling of biomass gasification processes. Experiments have been performed in a two-stage gasifier to determine the kinetics of the tar cracking reaction. A new kinetic scheme is proposed for secondary tar cracking...
This paper presents the production, characterization and possible utilization of a bio-oil obtained from Mahua oilseed, which is potentially available in India. Pyrolysis was carried out between 450 °C and 600 °C under semi-batch type reactor for the production of Mahua pyrolysis oil (MPO). The yield of the MPO was found to be about 50% at an optimum temperature of 525 °C. The MPO was also characterized...
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