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Slow pyrolysis of eastern giant fennel (Ferula orientalis L.) stalks has been performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor with (ZnO, Al2O3) and without catalyst at six different temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 600 °C with heating rates of 15, 30, 50 °C/min. The amounts of bio-char, bio-oil and gas produced, as well as the compositions of the resulting bio-oils were determined by FT-IR and GC–MS....
The rotatable design was applied for directing pyrolysis experiment of palm bark with the variation of retention time and reaction temperature. Based on the regression equations, the optimal operating conditions were extrapolated at 13.2 min, 459 °C and 15.7 min, 475 °C. The gas product comprised mainly C 1 –C 4 hydrocarbons with the content up to 58.2 wt% while the liquid product...
In this paper, emulsion fuels from crude bio-oil and its molecular distillation fractions were prepared by single ultrasonic and ultrasonic-mechanical emulsification. The results showed that the emulsions from crude bio-oil and 0# diesel had the best stability, with a stability time of 31 days. The stability time of the bio-oil middle fraction emulsion was 216 min, while that of the bio-oil heavy...
The hydrodeoxygenation of 2-methoxy phenol and dibenzofuran, which are representative model compounds of bio-oil, was performed using two different Pt/mesoporous zeolite catalysts, Pt/mesoporous Y and Pt/mesoporous MFI. The reforming of 2-methoxy phenol and dibenzofuran via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation was investigated using a batch reactor at 40 bar and 250 °C. The characteristics of the catalysts...
Three microporous zeolites with different structures, HZSM-5 (Si/Al2 = 23), Hβ (Si/Al2 = 25) and HY (Si/Al2 = 30), were assessed for the first time for the catalytic fast pyrolysis of Geodae-Uksae-1, a variety of Miscanthus sacchariflorus. In non-catalytic pyrolysis, the temperature for the maximum bio-oil yield was 500 °C, which allowed sufficient conversion of the solid to the vapor phase and suppressed...
To produce a bio-oil having a high concentration of furfural, corn stover was fast-pyrolyzed using ZnCl2 in a fluidized bed reactor at 330–430 °C. The effects of various parameters such as reaction temperature, water- and acid-washing prior to pyrolysis, and ZnCl2 content on the product and furfural yields were investigated. Moreover, solvent extraction was conducted using toluene at different mass...
The present study focuses on the pyrolysis characteristics of OPF (oil palm fiber) and OPFP (oil palm fiber pellet) in N2 and CO2 to evaluate the impacts of biomass pattern and carrier gas on the three-phase products. Three different reaction temperatures of 400, 450, and 500 °C along with 30 min pyrolysis are considered. The results indicate that OPFP pyrolysis gives a higher liquid yield when compared...
The catalytic pyrolysis of Tetraselmis sp. and Isochrysis sp. was carried out over ceria based catalysts in a fixed bed reactor. There was a clear effect of the catalysts on the product yields and quality, with the catalysts able to recover a large fraction of the starting microalgae energy (67–77%) in the bio-oils. Bio-oil yield was found to be higher in presence of Ni–Ce/Al2O3 and Ni–Ce/ZrO2 (26 wt...
Pretreating biomass prior to pyrolysis was investigated. Three undesirable catalysts naturally present in biomass were identified: inorganics, acids, and water. A pretreatment sequence incorporating acid leaching and torrefaction was developed to reduce/remove these catalysts. Acid leaching targeted reducing the biomass's inorganic content. The acidic liquor produced during torrefaction was rich in...
The technical and economic prospects for synthesis gas production via an integrated biomass pyrolysis and gasification (IBPG) process are evaluated for the case where rice straw is a considered feedstock. Modeling of the integrated process is performed by using the Aspen Custom Modeler program. The simulation results show that the production rates of synthesis gas and bio-oil derived from an IBPG...
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