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The thermodynamics of a solar thermochemical cycle for the capture of CO 2 from air are analyzed. The cycle encompasses 3 reactors: an aerosol-type carbonator for capturing CO 2 from air using a spray of Ca(OH) 2 aqueous solution, a solar calciner for thermally decomposing CaCO 3 into CaO using concentrated solar energy, and a conventional slaker for regenerating Ca(OH)...
Waste management systems are a non-negligible source of greenhouse gases. In particular, methane and carbon dioxide emissions occur in landfills due to the breakdown of biodegradable carbon compounds operated on by anaerobic bacteria. The conventional possibilities of reducing the greenhouse effect (GHE) from waste landfilling consists in landfill gas (LFG) flaring or combustion with energy recovery...
Nine different concepts for natural gas fired power plants with CO 2 capture have been investigated, and a comparison is made based on net plant efficiency and emission of CO 2 . The cycles are one post-combustion, six oxy-fuel and two pre-combustion capture concepts. A 400MW combined cycle plant is applied as a reference case. A common basis for the comparison of all concepts is defined...
This paper presents part-load evaluation of a natural gas-fired chemical looping combustion (CLC) combined cycle with CO 2 capture. The novel combined cycle employs an air-based gas turbine, a CO 2 -turbine and a steam turbine cycle. In this combined cycle, the CLC reactors replace combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The proposed combined cycle has a net plant efficiency of about...
During the last 15 years cycles with CO 2 capture have been in focus, due to the growing concern over our climate. Often, a natural gas fired combined cycle with a chemical absorption plant for CO 2 capture from the flue gases have been used as a reference in comparisons between cycles. Neither the integration of the steam production for regeneration of amines in the combined cycle...
The production of hydrogen combined with carbon capture represents a possible option for reducing CO 2 emissions in atmosphere and anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Nowadays the worldwide hydrogen production is based mainly on natural gas reforming, but the attention of the scientific community is focused also on other gas mixtures with significant methane content. In particular mixtures constituted...
An advanced oxy-fuel hybrid power system (AHPS) is proposed in this paper. Solar thermal energy is used in the AHPS to produce saturated steam as the working fluid, and natural gas is internally combusted with pure oxygen. It is in configuration close to the zero emission Graz cycle. The thermodynamic characteristics at design conditions of the AHPS are analyzed using the advanced process simulator...
Two novel system configurations were proposed for oxy-fuel natural gas turbine systems with integrated steam reforming and CO 2 capture and separation. The steam reforming heat is obtained from the available turbine exhaust heat, and the produced syngas is used as fuel with oxygen as the oxidizer. Internal combustion is used, which allows a very high heat input temperature. Moreover, the turbine...
With the rapid development of industry, more and more waste gases are emitted into the atmosphere. In terms of total air emissions, CO 2 is emitted in the greatest amount, accounting for 99wt% of the total air emissions, therefore contributing to global warming, the so-called “Greenhouse Effect”. The recovery and disposal of CO 2 from flue gas is currently the object of great international...
Coal use for electricity generation will continue growing in importance. In the present work the optimization of a high efficiency and zero emissions coal-fired plant, which produces both hydrogen and electricity, has been developed. The majority of this paper concerns an integration of gasification unit, which is characterized by coal hydrogasification and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) separation,...
Coal is the abundant domestic energy resource in India and is projected to remain so in future under a business-as-usual scenario. Using domestic coal mitigates national energy security risks. However coal use exacerbates global climate change. Under a strict climate change regime, coal use is projected to decline in future. However this would increase imports of energy sources like natural gas (NG)...
A novel methanol-based power system with Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) is proposed in this paper. CLC system is a promising approach to greatly decrease the energy penalty for CO 2 removal, where iron oxides circulate between two reactors and an inherent CO 2 separation occurs. The combustion process of CLC systems mainly include two steps: a reduction reaction of iron oxides,...
In this paper, the influence of membrane separation of CO 2 from flue gases and the impacts of the whole CCS process (CO 2 separation and compression) on the performance of a coal-fired power plant are studied. First, the effects of the characteristics of the membrane (selectivity and permeability) and the parameters of the process (feed and permeate pressure) on two indices, CO ...
A novel liquefied natural gas (LNG) fueled power plant is proposed, which has virtually zero CO 2 and other emissions and a high efficiency. The plant operates as a subcritical CO 2 Rankine-like cycle. Beside the power generation, the system provides refrigeration in the CO 2 subcritical evaporation process, thus it is a cogeneration system with two valued products. By coupling...
In order to reduce CO 2 emissions from a power plant, CO 2 can be captured either from the syngas that is to be burned or from the flue gases exiting the energy conversion process. Postcombustion capture has the advantage that it can be applied to retrofit existing power plants. In this paper the authors compare two primary amines (MEA and DGA) to ammonia with respect to their capability...
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) represents a commercially proven technology available for the combined production of hydrogen and electricity power from coal and heavy residue oils. When associated with CO 2 capture and sequestration facilities, the IGCC plant gives an answer to the search for a clean and environmentally compatible use of high sulphur and heavy metal contents...
Reviewing the progress of CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology, the main obstacles and the potentials of greenhouse gas control in China are identified. An important point can be drawn is that the innovative energy systems, besides simple implementation of existing technology, are needed for CO 2 control in China. On the basis of integration principle of energy utilization and...
Two models of a dimethyl ether (DME) fuel production plant were designed and analyzed in DNA and Aspen Plus. The plants produce DME by either recycle (RC) or once through (OT) catalytic conversion of a syngas generated by gasification of torrefied woody biomass. Torrefication is a mild pyrolysis process that takes place at 200–300°C. Torrefied biomass has properties similar to coal, which enables...
Effects of 0.29mol% tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) solution in conjunction with cyclopentane (CP) on the hydrate-based pre-combustion CO 2 capture are investigated by the measurements of the gas uptakes, CO 2 separation efficiencies and induction time of the hydrate formation at the different temperature–pressure conditions. The results show that the volume of the TBAB has an...
This paper examines the average carbonation conversion, CO 2 capture efficiency and energy requirement for post-combustion CO 2 capture system during the modified calcium-based sorbent looping cycle. The limestone modified with acetic acid solution, i.e. calcium acetate is taken as an example of the modified calcium-based sorbents. The modified limestone exhibits much higher average...
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