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HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) has been touted for many years as the alternate technology of choice for future engines, preserving the inherent efficiency of CIDI (Compression Ignition Direct Injection) engines while significantly reducing emissions. The current direction for all published diesel HCCI research is mixture preparation using the direct injection – system, referred to...
An experimental study of flow boiling of binary organic solution was conducted in a horizontal tube. An organic mixture of miscible fluids, chlorodifluoromethane (R22)–dimethylacetamide (DMAC) was circulated through the experimental system. The influence of the heat source, flow rate, solution concentration and operating pressure on the flow characteristics and the heat transfer coefficient was examined...
The main driver for small scale turbomachinery in domestic heat pumps is the potential for reaching higher efficiencies than volumetric compressors currently used and the potential for making the compressor oil-free, bearing a considerable advantage in the design of advanced multi-stage heat pump cycles. An appropriate turbocompressor for driving domestic heat pumps with a high temperature lift requires...
This study presents a methodology to assess the possible benefits of the combination of wind energy with the still unexploited, but quite significant in Ireland, wave energy. An analysis of the raw wind and wave resource at certain locations around the coasts of Ireland shows how they are very low correlated on the South and West Coast, where the waves are dominated by the presence of high energy...
As man extracts minerals, the natural deposits become depleted in quantity and concentration, and hence the mineral wealth of the Earth decreases. This paper explains the exergoecological method used for calculating the mineral exergy bonus that Nature gives us for free for providing minerals concentrated in mines and not dispersed in the Earth's crust. The method is based on two concepts: Exergy...
The convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of flow in corrugated channels have been experimentally investigated. Experiments were performed on channels of uniform wall temperature and of fixed corrugation ratio over a range of Reynolds number, 3220≤Re≤9420. The effects of channel spacing and phase shift variations on heat transfer and pressure drop are discussed. Results of corrugated...
A radiation model is proposed to extend the zonal method of Hottel to semi-transparent inhomogeneous real combusting gas–soot mixture in a 2-D black-walled rectangular enclosure. The direct exchange areas are carried out by direct numerical integration and then adjusted to meet the conservation constraints using two smoothing processes namely the Larsen and Howell's least squares and generalized Lawson's...
Oil shale ash (OSA), the residue of oil shale semi-coke roasting, was used as a raw material to synthesize nano-sized α-Al 2 O 3 . Ultrasonic oscillation pretreatment followed by azeotropic distillation was employed for reducing the particle size of α-Al 2 O 3 . The structural characterization at molecular and nanometer scales was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD),...
This paper presents the steady-state behavior of a series compensated (short-shunt) self-excited six-phase induction generator (SPSEIG) configured to operate as stand-alone electric energy source in conjunction with a hydro power plant. A purely experimental treatment is provided with the emphasis placed on operating regimes that illustrate the advantages of using SPSEIG. In particular, it is shown...
This paper describes a study that combined traditional Factor Decomposition method and System Dynamics (SD) modeling in the quest to predict the pattern of future oil consumption per capita (OCPC).Three factors were used for decomposition, i.e. economic activity, technological progress, and structure of energy consumption.The study comprises three major sections: (1) IPAT Identity and its variants...
The effects of different operating conditions on the performance and the characteristics of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are investigated using a three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) fuel-cell model. This model consists of the thermal-hydraulic equations and the electrochemical equations. Different operating conditions studied in this paper include...
Energy storage systems are becoming more important for load leveling, especially for widespread use of intermittent renewable energy. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a promising method for energy storage, but large scale CAES is dependent on suitable underground geology. Micro-CAES with man-made air vessels is a more adaptable solution for distributed future power networks. In this paper,...
In the present work the gasification process of cork residues sourced in an industrial procedure in the regions of Extremadura (Spain) and Alentejo (Portugal) was studied. These by-products were classified as black agglomerates (low and high granulate), sandpaper dust (white agglomerate) and triturated wood. Samples of several residues obtained through different phases of the cork manufacturing process...
This paper presents a new stochastic framework for clearing of day-ahead reactive power market. The uncertainty of generating units in the form of system contingencies are considered in the reactive power market-clearing procedure by the stochastic model in two steps. The Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) is first used to generate random scenarios. Then, in the second step, the stochastic market-clearing...
The size of a cooling inventory is generally designed based on which size can endure the excessive heat load situations that occur sporadically. As a result, cooling systems are often too large for most normal driving modes. There have been numerous efforts to downsize the automotive engine cooling system using novel concepts and strategies. Efficient cooling in automobiles is beneficial in reducing...
This study evaluates the possibility of installing an offshore gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant in Brazil to reduce Natural Gas (NG) flaring, curb carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) emissions and produce premium diesel. CO 2 e emissions abatement costs were estimated by comparing two alternatives. The first alternative (baseline) considers that the volume of NG flared will not be reduced...
It is becoming evident that sustainable development methods are now being considered by governments and corporations from all countries at both local and global level. Firms are increasingly looking to strike a balance between profit, preserving the local environment, and energy savings, rather than just looking for profit. In this paper, an enterprise input–output analysis based on production processes...
It is very important for electric utility to determine dominant sectors which have more impacts on electricity consumption in national economy system. In this paper, an input-output perspective and methodology is proposed to handle this issue. The input-output table of electricity demand (IOTED) is put forward based on the input-output table of national economy (IOTNE). The relevancy of electricity...
Potential geothermal areas are identified through investigation of spatial relations between geothermal occurrences and their surrounding geological phenomena in western Anatolia, Turkey. The identification is based on only publicly available data. It is expected that the study will guide further preliminary investigations performed for large areas having limited information. Magnetic anomaly, Bouger...
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