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Freight transport is both significant and fast growing in terms of energy use but there are few papers that focus on modelling future freight transport energy use. This paper addresses this knowledge gap, focussing on Ireland, which is an interesting case study because it has witnessed a significant increase in energy use for freight from 1990 to 2007 followed by a dramatic drop in the following two...
The dynamics of a direct-heated closed Brayton power conversion system (PCS) with supercritical carbon-dioxide as the working-fluid (sCO 2 PCS) is investigated in this study. Simulations of the dynamic response of the sCO 2 PCS to changes in ambient air temperatures and solar energy input from parabolic trough collectors on representative days for summer and winter are presented. A...
This paper investigates the application of porous medium burner (PMB) with micro cogeneration system. Thermoelectric (TE) cells coupled with the PMB constituted the cogeneration system developed in this study. The TE cells attached to the hexagonal walls absorbed the heat of combustion. Experiment was carried out for two different equivalence ratio of 1.3 and 1.6 and the values of maximum flame temperature,...
This study investigated the impact of varying natural gas composition on the exhaust emissions from a waste hauler equipped with a 2002 Cummins 8.3L, C Gas Plus, lean burn, spark ignited natural gas engine and an oxidation catalyst while operated on the William H. Martin Refuse Truck Cycle on a chassis dynamometer. The vehicle was tested on seven different fuel gas blends with varying compositions...
Methanol as an alternative fuel is considered to be one of the most favorable fuels for internal combustion engines. In this paper, knock in a high compression ratio spark-ignition (SI) methanol engine was studied by using multi-dimensional simulation. Knocking combustion under various engine operating conditions were simulated, and the effects of spark timing, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) techniques,...
Geothermal energy is an excellent form of renewable energy, which is continuously available for the production of electric power. At present, a very high percentage of geothermal power is generated by power systems that directly use the geofluid from a geothermal reservoir to produce electricity, such as dry steam and flashing power systems. These power plants operate at higher temperatures, typically...
A new tar destruction technology has been developed by integrating in-situ catalytic gasification and a hot-gas cleaning system in the catalytic gasification of paper-reject sludge. Experimental results indicated that the tar yield in syngas decreased significantly from 13.64 to 10.76 g/m 3 , when increasing the zeolite addition during in-situ catalytic gasification. When the syngas passed...
Renewable energy resources such as wind power plants are playing an ever-increasing role in power generation. This paper extends the dynamic economic emission dispatch problem by incorporating wind power plant. This problem is a multi-objective optimization approach in which total electrical power generation costs and combustion emissions are simultaneously minimized over a short-term time span. A...
Transformers are basically designed to operate under nominal voltage, rated frequency and also, pure sinusoidal load current. In recent decade, change in the type of loads and increasing use of power electronic devices with their nonsinusoidal current waveform has distorted the system voltage waveform as well. The losses of transformers include load and no-load losses. No-load loss continuously led...
Hydrogen-natural gas blends (HCNG) have the advantage of lower emission levels, because of their lean combustion characteristics, compared to a direct injection diesel engine equipped with a high-cost fuel supply system and an aftertreatment system for heavy-duty vehicles. The HCNG engine has superior fuel economy with extension of the flammability limit. However, the performance and emission characteristics...
The objective of the present work is to evaluate the wind and wave energy resources along the Caspian Sea. Both remotely sensed data and results provided by numerical models were considered for this purpose. As regards the wind fields, the model data analysed are from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. For the waves, the SWAN spectral model was implemented and validated against...
The purpose of this paper is to suggest a simple way of determining the thermal characteristic of free-form buildings, which can be applied at an early stage of the design phase. The thermal load of a reference building estimated using TRNSYS 16 is compared with those for various free-form buildings that have the same envelope area as the reference building. A database of thermal load ratios (i.e...
The engagement in demand response activities is increasingly becoming more attractive for several entities in the power systems sector. In general terms, the main goal of such activities is to change the demand level and patterns by implementing management actions over groups of loads to minimize peak demand or electricity bill, maximize profits or increase the systems reliability, among other objectives...
A model is developed for an existing organic Rankine cycle (ORC) utilizing a low temperature geothermal source. The model is implemented in Aspen Plus ® and used to simulate the performance of the existing ORC equipped with an air-cooled condensation system. The model includes all the actual characteristics of the components. The model is validated by approximately 5000 measured data in a...
This study investigates the performance of hybrid renewable microgeneration systems in load sharing application between a detached residential house and a small office building. Two renewable energy systems are investigated: a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system and a hybrid GSHP/fuel cell (FC) system. The renewable systems performance is compared to a conventional system that utilizes boiler and...
This study aims to determine and evaluate wind energy potentiality along coastal locations at the North Eastern of Turkey. For this purpose, the present study has statistically analysed wind power potentials and wind characteristics from six meteorological stations (Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, and Hopa) along the North Eastern (NE) geo-political coastal region of Turkey using the hourly...
China's annual crude steel production in 2010 was 638.7 Mt accounting for nearly half of the world's annual crude steel production in the same year. Around 461 TWh of electricity and 14,872 PJ of fuel were consumed to produce this quantity of steel. We identified and analyzed 23 energy efficiency technologies and measures applicable to the processes in China's iron and steel industry. Using a bottom-up...
A framework is presented for the automated superstructure generation and optimization of distributed energy supply systems (DESS). Based on a basic problem description (specifying load cases, available technologies, and topographic constraints), the presented framework first employs the P-graph approach for the generation of an initial superstructure containing exactly one unit of each feasible technology...
The potential of wind-generated electricity to displace existing fossil fuel and nuclear generation in Canada is assessed by combining wind turbine power curves with data from the Canadian Wind Energy Atlas. There are many widely-scattered regions with capacity factors (average power output as a fraction of the rated output) greater than 0.4, and some greater than 0.5, that could supply many times...
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