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This paper presents a novel and innovative solar cooling, air-conditioning process for individual buildings, which uses common flat plate collectors. The principle of the process is based on an original coupling between an engine cycle and a reverse cycle, which are respectively a Rankine-like cycle and a reverse Rankine cycle. The coupling of these dithermal cycles produces a global tri-thermal system...
In this paper, the formulation of the constraint on heat transfer feasibility in the synthesis/design optimization of complex energy systems is discussed, with particular emphasis on the case in which the matching among the hot and cold thermal streams within the system is not defined a priori. The mathematical nature of the set of inequality constraints expressing the internal availability of thermal...
Carbon-based energy vectors can use existing energy infrastructures and can serve all energy applications including transport. The review analyses how carbon-based energy vectors can be made suitable for design of low CO 2 intensive and cost-effective energy systems. For this purpose several interesting carbon management technologies which well integrate and add value to energy technologies...
This study focuses on specific energy consumption (SEC) of all major energy consuming segments of the Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) module supply chain, including 12” Si-wafer (ingot), wafer fabrication, integrated circuit (IC) assembly, IC testing, module assembly, and printed circuit board (PCB). Results show that energy consumption of a single unit of the end product from the DRAM supply...
Grate-firing is one of the main technologies currently used for biomass combustion for heat and power production. However, grate-firing is yet to be further developed, towards a better technology for biomass combustion, particularly towards higher efficiency, lower emissions, and better reliability and availability. To better understand grate-firing of biomass and to establish a reliable but relatively...
Based on the entransy dissipation theory, the multi-parameter optimization design of recuperator is conducted in an Isopropanol–Acetone–Hydrogen (IAH) chemical heat pump system. The performance of the heat pump system can be improved significantly through the multi-parameter optimization, when the main operation parameters of chemical heat pump remain unchanged. When the main operation parameters...
This paper focuses on the experimental performances of a solar air-conditioning pilot plant for housing, which is running in PROMES laboratory (Perpignan-Odeillo, France) since 2006. This pilot of daily cooling capacity of 20 kWh consists of a solid/gas thermochemical sorption process which is powered at 60–70 °C by 20 m 2 of flat plate solar collectors. The thermochemical sorption process...
Mineral carbonation presents itself as the most promising method to sequester CO 2 in Finland. A staged process for CO 2 mineralisation, using magnesium silicates, is being intensively developed at Åbo Akademi. A process energy analysis is made based on the most energy intensive steps, i.e. the heat treatment of the magnesium silicate rock and the carbonation reaction. Aspen Plus ...
This paper shows a comprehensive database of the thermodynamic properties of the most abundant minerals of the upper continental crust. For those substances whose thermodynamic properties are not listed in the literature, their enthalpy and Gibbs free energy are calculated with 11 different estimation methods described in this study, with associated errors of up to 10% with respect to values published...
This paper presents a methodology, which is applied to the meat industry, for the evaluation and assessment of the economical impact of customers participating in operation markets by using the flexibility they may have, as well as the amount of CO 2 avoided to be emitted into the atmosphere.The particular market conditions in the Spanish context have been considered. Thus, real prices of...
The Information and Communication Technology industry has gone in the recent years through a dramatic expansion, driven by many new online (local and remote) applications and services. Such growth has obviously triggered an equally remarkable growth in energy consumption by data centers, which require huge amounts of power not only for IT devices, but also for power distribution units and for air-conditioning...
Heterogeneous basic catalysts can be used for biodiesel production. The performances of several types of such materials are described in the literature but small attention is given to its deactivation in reaction medium. This paper put in evidence that catalysts are not static identities in the reaction medium, and relates the physical characteristics of fresh and post reaction samples with deactivation...
Recognized as an indispensable player in the future electricity supply mix of China, photovoltaic (PV) power has experienced a fast expansion in recent years. Owing to the higher cost compared with traditional coal-fired power, financial subsidy is crucial for the development of PV power. Although a series of policies have been implemented to subsidize PV power, strong and steady policies to stimulate...
Sediment particles passing through the turbine components erode the surface in contact. Gradual removal of base material changes the runner profile and also weakens its structure. One of the major consequences of this is gradual loss of turbine efficiency. Attempts have been made from past researches to develop empirical relations to estimate the effects of sediment erosion in hydraulic turbines.Present...
Energy-related carbon emissions from UK manufacturing have fallen, between 1990 and 2007, by approximately 2% per annum. This reduction could be caused by a number of effects that can act to increase or decrease the level of emissions. Decomposition analysis has been used to separate the contributions of changes in output, industrial structure, energy intensity, fuel mix and electricity emission factor...
In the future, district heating companies in Sweden must adapt to energy efficiency measures in buildings and variable fuel and electricity prices. Swedish district heating demands are expected to decrease by 1–2% per year and electricity price variations seem to be more unpredictable in the future. A cost-optimisation model of a Swedish local district heating system is constructed using the optimisation...
Biomass gasification is being considered as one of the most promising technologies for converting biomass into gaseous fuel. Here we present results of gasification, using an adiabatic bed gasifier with air as gasification medium, of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii), two woody species that dominate uncultivated lands in the Southern Great Plains, U.S.A., that...
The synthesis problem, i.e. the definition of type, number and design parameters of system components and their interconnections, is one of the main research field of chemical and energy engineering. The present paper aims at clarifying some methodological aspects for the systematic synthesis of processes by suggesting an organized procedure which is applied here to a case study of a sugarcane mill...
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