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Symptoms of lower gastrointestinal disease are common and are frequent triggers for consultation in primary and secondary care. Diarrhoea, abdominal pain and constipation can represent a wide range of different underlying pathologies, from chronic, benign, functional conditions to acutely life-threatening emergencies. Lower GI bleeding frequently represents serious pathology and requires rational...
Gastrointestinal diseases associated with impaired immunity are largely infectious, although an increased incidence of extranodal lymphoma is also found in the context of HIV infection. The range of such infections is related to the role of CD4-positive T cells in their eradication. Infections tend to occur with organisms of limited virulence and to be recurrent, and are associated with disseminated...
Infectious diarrhoea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality world wide. Viruses, bacteria and protozoa are responsible for the majority of infections, which are transmitted most commonly by the faecal–oral route through water, food and person-to-person transmission. Clinical presentation of infectious diarrhoea conforms to three patterns: acute watery diarrhoea; dysentery; and persistent...
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