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We evaluated functional outcome of kidneys with fetal urinoma associated to ureteropelvic junction obstruction.We retrospectively reviewed 5 cases of antenatally diagnosed urinoma associated to hydronephrosis. Prenatal imaging work-up consisted of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) examination. Differential renal function was assessed postnatally with renal scintigraphy.Four male fetuses...
To evaluate and compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin intravesical injections with and without injections in external urethral sphincter in treating bladder hyper-reflexia in children suffering from myelomeningocele.A total of 60 patients with bladder hyper-reflexia due to myelomeningocele were randomly allocated to treatment groups A and B and were followed up for 6 months. Under cystoscopic guidance,...
To assess our experience with salvage continence procedures in patients with bladder exstrophy.We retrospectively reviewed our surgical records of patients with bladder exstrophy who had undergone failed modern staged repair elsewhere and underwent salvage continence operations at our institute from 1996 to 2008.A total of 16 patients had undergone salvage continence operations. Bladder augmentation...
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ) can be caused by intrinsic disorganization or extrinsic compression from crossing vessels (CV). What is not clear is whether there is also intrinsic UPJ pathology in patients with CV. Recent surgeries, such as the Hellström vascular hitch procedure, move the CV cephalad without resecting the UPJ, which presumes no intrinsic narrowing. Our aim was to determine...
Avagard is a waterless, scrubless, and brushless hand antiseptic approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a replacement for traditional presurgical brush hand scrubbing. We evaluated the use of Avagard compared with hand brush scrub preparation for inpatient and outpatient pediatric urological operations.We evaluated the first 1800 patients for whom we used Avagard as a preoperative hand antiseptic...
To compare ultrasound (US) scan and nuclear renography findings in patients who underwent pyeloplasty with and without pelvic reduction in a randomized prospective study.A total of 42 patients, all prenatally diagnosed with unilateral hydronephrosis, were included. Hydronephrosis was confirmed postnatally. Twenty patients were randomly selected to undergo pyeloplasty with pelvic reduction and 22 underwent...
Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare condition characterized by the congenital absence or deficiency of the abdominal wall musculature, with associated abnormalities of the genitourinary tract, including hydronephrosis and cryptorchidism. Few population-based epidemiology or mortality data are available.We retrospectively reviewed the Kids' Inpatient Database to evaluate PBS among newborn infants...
This paper is one-half of a 2 part review on minimally-invasive procedures in pediatric urology. This article focuses on lower tract procedures, including ureteroureterostomy, anti-reflux surgeries, creation of continent catheterizable channels, and augmentation cystoplasty. We note important articles on pure laparoscopic as well as robotic-assisted laparoscopic lower urinary tract surgeries, concentrating...
To characterize aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) expression in surgically-removed cryptorchid testes. Human AKR1C3 is a monomeric, cytoplasmic, multifunctional enzyme that reduces ketosteroids, ketoprostaglandins, and lipid aldehydes. AKR1C3 expression has been demonstrated in normal adult Leydig cells and peritubular fibromyocytes. No prior studies have evaluated AKR1C3 expression patterns across...
Renal cell carcinoma in the pediatric population is a rare disease. A limited number of cases of renal cell carcinoma exist worldwide in the pediatric population. Reported herein is a case of a 17-year-old female who presented to an outside hospital with gross hematuria and shortness of breath. She was found to have a pulmonary embolus on computed tomography scan. After further imaging, a large renal...
To compare the morbidity and success rates among different age groups of children undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using adult- or pediatric-sized devices. PCNL for renal stones in children may present problems because of small size, mobility of the pediatric kidney, and the small size of the collecting system.Patients were categorized into 2 age groups: those ≤7 years old at the time...
The pelvic cake kidney in which there is complete fusion of both kidneys into a single renal parenchymal mass has been described as the rarest of renal fusion anomalies. Pelvic cake kidney most commonly drains via 2 separate ureters, with fewer than 10 reports demonstrating a cake kidney drained by a single ureter. We present the first ever reported case of a pelvic cake kidney drained by a single...
Caring for the child with spina bifida necessitates lifelong care by a coordinated team of health care providers, and the urologist plays a vital role in this team. The most important management goal of the urologist is the early establishment and consistent maintenance of a lower pressure urinary reservoir. Ensuring social continence along with its attendant social independence provides some of the...
To determine which risk factors help predict recurrent stone formation. Urinary stone disease is relatively rare in children. At our institution, a full urinary metabolic evaluation is initiated after the first stone episode.A retrospective cohort study was performed to assess urinary metabolic profiles in children with urolithiasis. Twenty-four–hour urine collections were performed and evaluated...
To investigate the extracellular matrix microenvironment and nerve supply of ureteropelvic junctions (UPJs) in children with intrinsic UPJ obstruction. Congenital UPJ obstruction is the most common cause of neonatal hydronephrosis. Although many studies investigating the molecular changes within this segment have been performed, the underlying mechanisms of UPJ obstruction are still unclear.Specimens...
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