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Objectives. Age-adjusted mortality rates (per 100,000) for men with prostate cancer from 1991 through 1997 reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results national registry have consistently demonstrated that African-American men (AAM) have twice the death rate of white men (WM). However, there has been considerable controversy as to how this relates to progression-free survival among...
Objectives. To determine the temporal relationship between the increase in bladder mass and the expression of growth-associated gene products during bladder hypertrophy due to partial bladder outlet obstruction.Methods. Adult female rats, subjected to partial bladder outlet obstruction, were killed at defined points, and their bladder weight and total protein were determined and compared with sham-operated...
Objectives. To determine the utility of hematuria testing in a large series of patients with suspected renal colic using unenhanced helical computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard.Methods. A retrospective review of the CT reports of all patients who underwent unenhanced helical CT for suspected renal colic at one institution during a 3.5-year period and who also underwent a formal microscopic...
Nonoperative ablation of the testicular artery has been described in animals using the Burdizzo clamp, but not in humans. We report a case of incisionless castration performed using local anesthesia, in a transsexual who wished to avoid the pain, expense, and scar associated with the open procedure. The Burdizzo clamp crushed the spermatic cord bilaterally, and the testis was allowed to atrophy. The...
Objectives. To evaluate the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity (PSAV) in assessing prostate cancer risk among men with PSA levels less than 4.0 ng/mL.Methods. The relative risk of, and cumulative probability of freedom from, prostate cancer by PSAV was evaluated in 89 male participants (21 with cancer and 68 controls) of a longitudinal aging study-the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging...
Objectives. To compare retrospectively the treatment results of surveillance and primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) of patients with clinical Stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (NSGCT) in two institutions in The Netherlands.Methods. From 1982 to 1994, 90 consecutive patients with clinical Stage I NSGCT were prospectively entered in a surveillance protocol in...
Objectives. To determine the perioperative morbidity of performing a concurrent pubovaginal sling with prolapse repair in women with occult (or potential) stress incontinence, particularly on voiding dysfunction and emptying.Methods. We reviewed the charts of 38 women with grade 3-4 pelvic prolapse and occult stress incontinence. All patients underwent video urodynamic testing with the prolapse unreduced...
Objectives. To identify the cost components of laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) that could be targeted to reduce the cost of the procedure. LN is typically more costly than open nephrectomy (ON) because of longer operative times and the use of disposable equipment.Methods. We compared the overall cost and individual cost centers for uncomplicated LN (n = 11) and ON (n = 8) at a large metropolitan county...
Objectives. To prognosticate and assess the metabolic status of germ cells of the testis after unilateral blunt testicular trauma using both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRI is a noninvasive technique suitable for evaluating testicular trauma, and MRS is useful in assessing the metabolic status of the testis.Methods. The right testis of 35 male prepubertal...
Objectives. To verify whether alterations in bone density and turnover in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria are observable in various subgroups of patients divided according to the pathogenesis of the hypercalciuria.Methods. Seventy patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and idiopathic hypercalciuria, 19 to 64 years old, were assessed for spine and femur mineral metabolism and...
Objectives. To describe the study design and rationale for the first placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to be conducted by the Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.Methods. The clinical trial will use a 2 by 2 factorial design to evaluate four treatments: placebo, tamsulosin hydrochloride alone, ciprofloxacin alone, and tamsulosin...
Objectives. Mast cells and leukocyte populations in bladder biopsies from women with interstitial cystitis (IC) or idiopathic reduced bladder storage (sensory urgency [SU]) were compared to determine whether any evidence of a common etiology between these conditions could be found.Methods. Biopsies from 40 patients (9 meeting the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases...
Objectives. To evaluate the safety of ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, that is being used more frequently for postoperative analgesia, we performed a detailed analysis of healthy patients undergoing open donor nephrectomy.Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of 198 consecutive patients who underwent open living donor nephrectomy between January 1998 and July 2000. We compared...
Objectives. To compare the incidence of newly developed chronic renal insufficiency after partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN). Elective PN for renal tumors is intended to preserve renal function; however, studies of transplant donors suggest normal renal function is also maintained after unilateral nephrectomy.Methods. We retrospectively compared all patients undergoing PN or RN...
Objectives. To examine prospectively serial urine biochemical parameters in 14 patients (9 men, 5 women) undergoing laparoscopic cryoablation of a small, exophytic solid renal mass. Prior studies have shown that various types of renal injury may predispose to the formation of urinary calculi. The metabolic effects of cryoenergy on the surrounding normal renal parenchyma are unknown.Methods. Timed...
Objectives. To determine whether morphologic features at preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are related to intraoperative blood loss during radical retropubic prostatectomy.Methods. Endorectal MRI was performed in 143 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer before radical retropubic prostatectomy. Two independent readers rated the prominence of the periprostatic veins (on the basis...
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