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The mouse protocadherin (Pcdh) clusters, Pcdh-α, -β, and -γ, are located on chromosome 18. Many polymorphic variations are found in the Pcdh-α genes in wild-derived and laboratory mouse strains. In comparing the expression levels of Pcdh-α isoforms among several strains, we observed lower expression levels of Pcdh-α9 in BLG2 and BFM/2, and of Pcdh-α8 in C57BL/6 (B6) than in the other strains. For...
To obtain an overall view on transcript modification during the cherry tomato fruit responding to biocontrol yeast Cryptococcus laurentii, we performed a microarrary analysis, using Affymetrix Tomato Genechip arrays, representing approximately 10,000 genes. The results showed that 194 and 312 genes were up- or down-regulated, respectively, more then ten time fold (log2 change ratio≥2 or log2 change...
We evaluated the epigenetic contributions of repetitive DNA elements to human gene regulation. Human proximal promoter sequences show distinct distributions of transposable elements (TEs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). TEs are enriched distal from transcriptional start sites (TSSs) and their frequency decreases closer to TSSs, being largely absent from the core promoter region. SSRs, on the other...
The expression of the CTP: phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase gene Pcyt2 is significantly up-regulated during C2C12 muscle cell differentiation, which was demonstrated by elevated Pcyt2 protein (∼2.3-fold), mRNA (∼2.6-fold) and promoter activity (∼2-fold) in myotubes relative to myoblasts. Mutation and 5′ deletion analyses of Pcyt2 promoter established the minimal core sequence and three main...
Gene regulatory changes are thought to be major factors driving species evolution, with creation of new regulatory regions likely being instrumental in contributing to diversity among vertebrates. There is growing appreciation for the role of transposable elements (TEs) in gene regulation and, indeed, laboratory investigations have confirmed many specific examples of mammalian genes regulated by promoters...
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