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A full-length ovine acetyl-CoA carboxylase-encoding cDNA (ACC) has been cloned from adipose tissue and completely sequenced. The open reading frame of 7041 nucleotides (nt) is highly homologous to the previously cloned human, rat, chicken, yeast and algal ACC (85, 89, 82, 54 and 54% identity, respectively). Transcript heterogeneity was found in the 5 and 3 untranslated regions (UTR) resulting...
The evolution of ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD + ) pseudogene 1 (ADPRTP1) was studied among higher primates. When the human pseudogene was used to probe genomic DNA from chimpanzee, gorilla, macaque, howler monkey and lemur, a fragment from gorilla produced the most intense hybridization signal. The resultant hybridization pattern indicated a modified pseudogene structure in these primates...
The genes coding for human apolipoproteins AI, CIII and AIV are tandemly organised in a cluster on chromosome 11. The sequence of 4 kb of the 6.6-kb ApoCIII-ApoAIV intergenic region was unknown until now. Since different elements involved in the transcriptional regulation of the three genes of the cluster were previously identified in this region, we decided to sequence it. We present here the...
An additional PstI fragment of 197 bp was found to be present in intron 1 of the gene encoding chicken growth hormone which we reported previously [Tanaka et al., Gene 112 (1992) 235-239].
Members of the recently inserted human-specific (HS)/predicted variant (PV) subfamily of Alu elements were sequenced. A number of these Alu elements share greater than 98% sequence identity with the subfamily consensus sequence, and they are flanked by perfect 5 and 3 direct repeats ranging in size from 6 to 15 nucleotides (nt). Based on the low number of random mutations, the estimated average...
Three differently sized mRNAs are expressed from each of two DHFR (encoding dihydrofolate reductase) alleles present in the Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell line, DC-3F. The relative abundancy of the transcripts produced from each allele differs dramatically as a result of differential utilization of the multiple poly(A) sites present in the DHFR gene and a genetic polymorphism located within the...
A PCR-based intron jumping strategy has been utilized to investigate the exon/intron structure of the human transferrin receptor gene and determine the sequences of exon/intron junctions. There are 18 exons and introns 5 to a large exon encoding the last translated segment and a sizable 3 untranslated segment. All of the translated segments are encoded by exons 2-19. The tight turn motif, which...
We have identified a highly polymorphic pentanucleotide repeat (CCTTT)n within the 5 -putative promoter region of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS, NOS2). Using a pair of specific primers derived from the human iNOS gene, we have also amplified this iNOS repeat in DNA from the following species: chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and macaque. As is found in man, both chimpanzees...
The receptor tyrosine kinase of the marine sponge Geodia cydonium features two extracellular Ig-like domains in which we recently documented RT-PCR polymorphism among individuals. Genomic-PCR analysis presented here revealed 14 unique sequences from four sponges, differing predominantly in the sequence of an intron which splits the Ig-like domains. Nevertheless, analysis of putative coding regions...
The mouse ribosomal protein S3a-encoding gene (mRPS3a) was cloned and sequenced in this study. mRPS3a shares identical exon/intron structure with its human counterpart. Both genes are split to six exons and exhibit remarkable conservation of the promoter region (68.8% identity in the 250bp upstream of cap site) and coding region (the proteins differ in two amino acids). mRPS3a displays many features...
The most frequent allele of the rabbit κ-casein (κ-Cas)-encoding gene (A allele) has previously been shown to possess two sequences similar to those found in the 5′ end of long interspersed repeated elements (LINE). Part of an inverted rabbit LINE is present in the first intron and part of a direct rabbit LINE in the fourth intron. We describe herewith a less frequent allele (B allele) that lacks...
Minisatellite tandem repeat elements are well known components of vertebrate genomes, but have not yet been extensively characterized in lower eukaryotes. We describe two unusual, AT-rich minisatellites of the protozoan parasite Theileria parva whose sequences are unrelated to the G/C-rich `chi minisatellite superfamily' of vertebrate and plant genomes. The T. parva tandem repeats, one with a conserved...
The gene structure of a cathepsin L of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei has been determined by the polymerase chain reaction. It comprises six exons of various lengths spanning a total of 1792bp. This architecture is homologous to that of rat cathepsin L, three conserved sites of intron position have been effectively identified, with the exception of the third intron break-point located immediately after...
Recently, several important human genetic diseases have been shown to be due to pathological expansion of expressed trinucleotide microsatellites. Discovery of other such `expansion diseases' will depend on characterization of more expressed loci containing trinucleotide repeats. We searched the expressed sequence tag database (dbEST) for repetitive trinucleotides and selected four loci for further...
We studied protein binding and structural features of perfect and imperfect composite (gt) n (ga) m blocks from different HLA-DRB1 alleles in their original genomic and artificial environments. The major retarded protein/DNA complex of the genomic (gt) n (ga) m fragments comprises a zinc-dependent protein present in nuclear extracts from different cell types. The protein...
The C-terminal, cysteine-rich 19kDa domain of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a target of the host's humoral immunity and thus a malaria vaccine candidate. Although variation in the 19kDa domain is limited among parasite isolates, tertiary structure-dependent intramolecular associations between the 19kDa domain and other parts of MSP-1 are suggested to be involved in...
The action of retinoic acid (RA) in normal development and differentiation is mediated by changes in the expression of RA-responsive target genes. We used differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify RA-responsive genes expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and found that murine folate receptor-α (FR-α) expression is rapidly induced by RA treatment. The...
A 32.5kb variable locus of the Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ368 chromosome, the eps locus, contains 25 ORF and seven insertion sequences (IS). The putative products of 17 ORF are related to proteins involved in the synthesis of polysaccharides in various bacteria. The two distal regions and a small central region of the eps locus are constant and present in all or almost all of the S. thermophilus...
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are an abundant form of genome variation, distinguished from rare variations by a requirement for the least abundant allele to have a frequency of 1% or more. A wide range of genetics disciplines stand to benefit greatly from the study and use of SNPs. The recent surge of interest in SNPs stems from, and continues to depend upon, the merging and coincident maturation...
The evolutionary relationship between the proximal growth hormone (GH) gene promoter sequences of 12 mammalian species was explored by comparison of their trinucleotide composition and by multiple sequence alignment. Both approaches yielded results that were consistent with the known fossil record-based phylogeny of the analysed sequences, suggesting that the two methods of tree reconstruction might...
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