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A complex of three phosphoproteins (P0, P1 and P2) constitutes the stalk region at the GTPase center of the eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit, amongst which the protein P0 plays the most crucial role. Earlier studies have shown the functional complementation of the conditional P0-null mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (W303dGP0) with orthologous P0 genes from fungal and mammalian organisms, but...
Borrelia burgdorferi contains one 16S rRNA gene and two tandem sets of 23S and 5S rRNA genes located in a single chromosomal region. This unusual rRNA gene organization has been speculated to be involved in the slow growth of this organism. Because we were repeatedly unable to isolate a 23S ribosomal mutant in B. burgdorferi by allelic exchange, we developed a transposition mutagenesis system for...
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. The roles of BMPs in embryonic development and cellular functions in postnatal and adult animals have been extensively studied in recent years. Signal transduction studies have revealed that Smads 1, 5 and 8 are the immediate downstream molecules of BMP receptors...
The flagellated protozoan Giardia intestinalis is one of the most prevalent human-infective parasites with a worldwide distribution. This parasite must encyst to complete the life cycle and N-acetylgalactosamine is produced from endogenous glucose for cyst wall synthesis during the transformation. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase in G. intestinalis (GiUAP, EC 2.7.7.23) is the fourth enzyme...
To better understand the development of ventral mesencephalic dopamine neurons, we performed subtractive hybridization screens to find ventral mesencephalic genes expressed at rat embryonic day 10 when these neurons begin to differentiate. The most commonly identified genes in these screens were members of the Bex (Brain expressed X-linked) gene family, rat Bex1 (Rex3), and a novel gene, rat Bex4...
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a structure-specific nuclease involved in DNA replication and repair. The mouse Fen1 gene, which has two exons, is located immediately adjacent to the gene corresponding to full-length cDNA of Riken 1810006K21 (1810006K21Rik) in a head-to-head orientation. Transcription initiation sites of each gene are 274 bp apart in the mouse genome. The spacer sequence between the...
Secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRP) are regulators of Wnt signaling pathways that play central roles in developmental processes and oncogenesis. Various sFRP genes have been cloned from different tissues and implicated in diverse biological activities. rFrp, the rat homologue of sFRP-4, was initially identified as being upregulated in mutant p53-induced cellular transformation. Here, we report...
PKD1 is the gene responsible for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) type 1 in humans. The PKD1 gene product is likely to be a calcium channel regulator. In this paper, we describe the isolation and characterization of the Xenopus homologue of the human PKD1 gene. We isolated and cloned genomic fragments corresponding to the amphibian homologue of PKD1 from a BAC library, and after...
Mammalian chitinase and chitinase-like proteins are members of a recently discovered gene family. Thus far, neither chitin nor chitin synthase has been found in mammals. The existence of chitinase genes in mammals is intriguing and the physiologic functions of chitinases are not clear. Human chitotriosidase, also called chitinase 1 (chit1), has been cloned. It has been found that high levels of serum...
The Khoton Mongolian population is a small and relatively isolated ethnic group residing predominantly in the northwestern part of Mongolia. A recent genetic study of the Y chromosome revealed that the major Mongolian ethnic groups have a relatively close genetic affinity to populations in the northern part of East Asia, while the Khoton population reflected an apparent genetic differentiation from...
The advanced status of assembly of the nematoceran Anopheles gambiae genomic sequence allowed us to perform a wide genome analysis to looking at the presence of Long Terminal Repeats (LTRs) in the range of 10 kb by means of the LTR_STRUC tool. More than three hundred sequences were retrieved and 210 were treated as putative complete retrotransposons that were individually analysed with respect to...
γδ T cells commonly account for 0.5%–5% of human (γδ low species) circulating T cells, whereas they are very common in chickens, and they may account for >70% of peripheral cells in ruminants (γδ high species). We have previously reported the ovine TRG2@ locus structure, the first complete physical map of any ruminant animal TCR locus. Here we determined the TRG1@ locus organization in sheep, reported...
To assess the effects of environmental stress conditions on fish, the examination of a suite of biomarkers, including endocrine parameters, has been suggested. In teleosts, glucocorticoids, including cortisol and corticosterone, are known to mediate stress response. Inside the cell, they bind to a high-affinity cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which acts as ligand-dependent transcription factor...
Previous studies of the genomic distribution of the transposon Bari1 in Drosophila melanogaster have revealed an element which is fixed at division 91F in over 90 lab and natural populations. Here we report about the structural and transcriptional features of the insertion site which was studied in sublines isolated from an exceptional Drosophila line polymorphic for the presence/absence of Bari1...
The completion of the human, mouse and other eukaryotic genomes were important scientific milestones, but they were just small steps towards the understanding of eukaryotic biology. Recent transcriptome analysis and different experimental approaches have identified a surprisingly large number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in eukaryotic cells. ncRNAs comprise microRNAs, anti-sense transcripts and other...
The large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome possesses a long and protruding stalk formed by the ribosomal P proteins. Four out of five ribosomal P proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi, TcP0, TcP1α, TcP2α, and TcP2β had been previously characterized. Data mining of the T. cruzi genome data base allowed the identification of the fifth member of this protein group, a novel P1 protein, named P1β.To gain insight...
GC level is a key feature in prokaryotic genomes. Widely employed in evolutionary studies, new insights appear however limited because of the relatively low number of characterized genomes. Since public databases mainly comprise several hundreds of prokaryotes with a low number of sequences per genome, a reliable prediction method based on available sequences may be useful for studies that need a...
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