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We established a strategy to constitutively activate Zn 2 Cys 6 -type protein by fusing its DNA-binding domain with the VP16 trans-activation domain. To explore gene network regulating yeast multidrug resistance, the strategy was applied to Pdr1, Pdr3 and Yrr1, known to regulate multidrug resistance, as well as three uncharacterized Yrr1-related transcription factors. DNA microarray...
Only a very few origins have been mapped in different multicellular organisms, and they do not share detectable consensus sequence elements. Moreover, it is not clear if origins are localized at similar positions in the corresponding locus in genomes of different organisms. Here, we have mapped DNA replication origins in the c-myc locus both in Xenopus and mouse, allowing a comparison of the corresponding...
DNA alterations at chromosome 5q22 occur frequently in different types of tumors including urological cancers. Previously, we narrowed a common target region between loci D5S659 and D5S2055 at chromosome 5q22.3 by microsatellite allelotyping. After constructing a BAC contig and shot-gun sequencing we identified a putative exon by the NIX software package. By PCR cloning using the putative exon (5qex5)...
Characterization of a balanced t(2;12)(q37;q24) translocation in a patient with suspicion of Noonan syndrome revealed that the chromosome 12 breakpoint lies in the vicinity of a novel human gene, thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 2 (THRAP2). We therefore characterized this gene and its mouse counterpart in more detail. Human and mouse THRAP2/Thrap2 span a genomic region of about 310 and...
We have recently identified and cloned the human LRIG1 gene (formerly LIG1). LRIG1 is a predicted integral membrane protein with a domain organization reminiscent of the Drosophila epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor antagonist Kekkon-1. We have searched for additional members of the human LRIG family and identified LRIG2 (KIAA0806). The LRIG2 gene was localized to chromosome 1p13 and had an open...
The interaction between sedentary endoparasitic nematodes and plants is fascinating, because these animals have developed an ingenious way to manipulate the plant's gene regulation and metabolism to their own advantage. They are able to form highly specialized feeding structures in the plant root to satisfy their nutritional demands for development and reproduction. This ability makes them extremely...
Phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) genes expressed in the venom glands of the sea snake, Laticauda semifasciata, were investigated. Both mRNAs, encoding group IA (without a pancreatic loop) and group IB (with pancreatic loop), were detected from venom glands by Northern blot hybridization analysis and RT-PCR. The results of quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the expression amount of...
Since the regions directing transcriptional and translational initiation in archaebacteria are poorly characterized, the purpose of this study was to characterize them using measurements of nonrandomness upstream of start codons on eight fully sequenced archaebacterial genomes. Two distinctly different regions with conservation were identified. The location of the first corresponded well to the classical...
A cDNA encoding feline granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor was cloned from alveolar macrophages using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cDNA is 426 bp in length and encodes a predicted mature protein of 127 amino acids and the majority of the signal peptide. The recombinant protein (rfGM-CSF) was expressed in both Escherichia coli, as a calmodulin fusion...
Solitary ascidian tadpole larvae develop two types of black pigment cells in the major sensory organs of the brain. Such pigment cells have been demonstrated to express the melanogenic genes, tyrosinase and Tyrp/TRP (tyrosinase-related protein). To understand the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying the differentiation of chordate pigment cells, we examined the function of the promoter...
Partial sequences of the mitochondrial genomes were determined for two calanoid copepods, Eucalanus bungii [9530 bp (base pairs)] and Neocalanus cristatus (7965 bp), using an approach that employs a long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and primer walking. In contrast to Tigriopus japonicus (Harpacticoida), in which the complete mitochondrial genome has been determined, genes are encoded...
An open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (SsoGMPP) was identified on the genome sequence of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2, the predicted gene product showing high amino acid sequence homology to several archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryal GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylases such as guanidine diphosphomannose pyrophosphorylases (GMPPs) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis...
The messenger RNA (mRNA) differential display technique was applied to the identification and isolation of genes whose transcription was altered in leaves of Prunus armeniaca infected by European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) phytoplasma belonging to ribosomal subgroup 16SrX-B. Four genes whose steady-state levels of expression significantly changed in response to phytoplasma infection were isolated...
The satellite DNA has been characterized in eight species of the Formica genus. This satellite DNA is organized as tandemly repeated 129-bp monomers in all species and it presents internal inverted repeats. The results of all the analyses performed in the sequences sampled from Formica cunicularia, F. fusca, F. gerardi, F. rufibarbis, F. selysi, F. frontalis, and F. sanguinea suggest interspecific...
Two satellite DNAs, TANAPH and TDEST, isolated from the beetle species Tribolium anaphe and Tribolium destructor, respectively, are characterized and compared with previously described Tribolium satellites, in order to deduce possible constraints on satellite sequence evolution between closely related species. Sequence diversity analysis of cloned monomers reveals the presence of variable and conserved...
Unlike bacterial protein synthesis, eukaryotic protein synthesis has several mechanisms to initiate translation including cap-dependent initiation, re-initiation and internal initiation. While there is extensive biochemical characterization of the multiple steps in cap-dependent initiation, most of the information on the other two mechanisms is derived from studies on the nucleic acid sequences that...
Oriβ, an origin of replication 3' to Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene, contains several sequence elements that function as components of a chromosomal replicator. Here we have examined sensitivity to KMnO 4 in vitro and in living cells of three regions within dhfr oriβ which contribute to replicator function: the origin of bidirectional DNA replication (OBR) that serves...
In mammals, thyroid hormone responsive Spot 14 (THRSP) is a small acidic protein that is predominately expressed in lipogenic tissue (i.e., liver, abdominal fat and the mammary gland). This gene has been postulated to play a role in lipogenesis, since it responds to thyroid hormone stimulation, high glucose levels and it is localized to a chromosomal region implicated in obesity. In this paper, we...
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