The degree of belonging to the primary population category (a within-species taxonomic category between wild population and standardized breed, formerly called traditional population) of the 2 Algerian goat populations or breeds Arabia (steppe) and Mekatia (oases of the desert) is calculated by the use of 2 recently introduced indices: the index of primarily loci in segregation (IPs) and the index of primarily Agouti locus (IPa). These indices consider 11 visible genetic loci: Agouti (A), Brown (B), Frosting (Fr), Roan (Rn), Beard (Bd), Ear Length (EL), Ear Carriage (EC), Ear Curling (ECr), Horns (Ho), Hair Length (HL) and Wattles (Wa). The results obtained show the primarity of the Arabia goat (IPs = 1 and IPa = 1) and the primarity of the Mekatia goat (IPs = 1). The degree of genetic differentiation between these goat populations is estimated on the basis of the visible genetic profiles of 9 loci (A, B, Fr, Rn, Bd, EL, Ho, HL, Wa) using Wright's fixation index Fst. The results show the power of discrimination of the loci HL (Fst(i) = 0.2281), Bd (Fst(i) = 0.1366), Ho(Fst (i) =0.0124) , Fr (Fst(i) = 0.0114) and A (Fst(i) = 0.011) It is concluded that primarily and moderate global genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.076) characterize the Algerian goat populations Arabia and Mekatia.