We study the key drivers of adoption of e-business practices by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Eastern Europe. We discuss the results of a survey of over 900 SME managers in four Eastern European countries and Cyprus. The survey was built on the basis of a framework for studying the adoption of new economy practices that captures the dynamic interrelationships between technological transformations, firms' organisational and knowledge-creating capabilities, emerging market and industry structures, and public institutions and regulatory frameworks. Based on the framework and the survey results, we offer some reflections on new economy practices adoption.