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The flagellum is attached along the length of the cell body in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei and is a defining morphological feature of this parasite. The flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) is a complex structure and has been characterised morphologically as comprising a FAZ filament structure and the specialised microtubule quartet (MtQ) plus the specialised areas of flagellum: plasma membrane...
African trypanosomes go through at least five developmental stages during their life cycle. The different cellular forms are classified using morphology, including the order of the nucleus, flagellum and kinetoplast along the anterior–posterior axis of the cell, the predominant cell surface molecules and the location within the host. Here, an asymmetrical cell division cycle that is an integral part...
The study of reproductive isolation between populations, combined with estimates of genetic divergence, provides important insights into mechanisms of speciation. In this study, sixteen morphologically heterogeneous sympatric clones of Eunotia bilunaris sensu lato (Bacillariophyta) were brought into culture to study their phylogenetic relationships and pre- and postzygotic reproductive barriers. An...
Many organisms have symbioses with photosynthetic algae as typified by corals, clams, lichens, and some protozoa. Paramecium bursaria contains green algal symbionts and this unicellular ciliate is a textbook example used for microscopic observation in junior high school science projects. We have determined molecular phylogenies for the green algal symbionts. The symbiotic algae are the main constituent...
Polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes are large multi-domain complexes that structurally and functionally resemble the fatty acid synthases involved in lipid metabolism. Polyketide biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and hence functional PKS genes are widespread among bacteria, fungi and streptophytes, but the Type I was formerly known only from bacteria and fungi. Recently Type I PKS genes were also...
Nestedness represents the degree to which species assemblages are proper subsets of larger assemblages. Highly nested assemblages are characterized by a high number of species conforming to nested subset pattern and a low number of species which depart from nested pattern, that is, idiosyncratic species. The main aims of this paper were to (i) examine whether local stream habitat factors and spatial...
Plastid inheritance was followed during sexual reproduction in the raphid pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, using rbcL haplotypes as plastid identification tools. Pseudo-nitzschia species are dioecious and show functional anisogamy with ‘male’ mating type+(PNd + ) cells and ‘female’ PNd − cells. Vegetative cells possess two plastids. In P. delicatissima, meiosis results...
WCB is a protein that locates between the inner face of the plasma membrane and the sub-pellicular corset of microtubules in Trypanosoma brucei. We provide the molecular identity of WCB and bioinformatic analysis suggests that it possesses a C2 domain implicated in membrane/protein interactions and a highly charged region possessing characteristics of a putative tubulin-binding domain. Functional...
Three new species of monoxenous parasites from the Neotropical Heteroptera are described on the basis of the ultrastructure of cells in culture, as well as gene sequences of Spliced Leader (SL) RNA, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and small subunit (SSU) rRNA. The results have highlighted a striking discrepancy between the morphological (dis)similarities and the phylogenetic affinities...
The ingestion preferences of planktonic protozoa influence the structure and succession of microbial communities and thus biogeochemical cycling within aquatic environments. Some predatory ciliates and flagellates are reported to switch to cannibalism when no suitable non-self prey items are available for consumption. However, the importance of cannibalism as a survival strategy, and its ubiquity...
The goal of a taxonomist should be to contribute to the construction of a framework that expresses interrelationships among taxa and provides pegs to which information from all possible sources may be attached. It is essential that this information be attached to the correct peg. Throughout the history of taxonomy, attempts have been made to reduce the subjectivity involved in determining the correct...
The dinoflagellate chloroplast genome is fragmented into a number of plasmid-like minicircles, mostly containing one or more genes, and with a conserved core. We show here that, in addition to the transcripts of similar sizes to individual genes that have been reported previously, there are larger transcripts beginning and ending close to the core region. These may give rise to the smaller transcripts...
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