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Monodispersed ZnO nanorods were successfully synthesized by a surfactant assisted aqueous solution method at low temperature. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the synthesized ZnO powders without high-temperature calcination had a pure hexagonal wurtzite structure. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed that the monodispered ZnO nanorods with aspect ratio of about 9–12 were easily obtained in the presence of hydrazine hydrate and sodium oleate. The surfactant plays an important role in preventing the ZnO nanostructures from aggregating.