Introduction. - Les aortites sont des inflammations des parois aortiques, de cause infectieuse ou noninfectieuse. Elles peuvent evoluer vers une dilatation anevrismale, avec risque de rupture, mettant en jeu le pronostic vital et pouvant justifier des interventions chirurgicales. Dans un certain nombre de cas, l'etiologie de l'aortite demeure inconnue.Exegese. - Nous rapportons l'observation d'une femme de 55 ans qui a developpe une aortite aigue de l'aorte descendante apres injections de G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) pour un don de cellules souches. Le bilan etiologique est reste negatif, l'evolution a ete favorable sous corticotherapie, sans anevrisme a six mois.Conclusion. - La presente observation pose la question de la responsabilite du G-CSF (Neupogen ( R)) dans la genese des lesions aortiques. Des maladies a mediation neutrophilique (syndrome de Sweet, pyoderma gangrenosum) et des vascularites leucocytoclasiques ont ete rapportees suite a l'utilisation de G-CSF. Les neutrophiles liberees par les injections de G-CSF presentent des alterations fonctionnelles pouvant etre impliquees dans la pathogenie de ces affections.
Introduction. - Aortitis consists in aortic wall inflammation from infectious or non infectious cause. It may lead to aortic aneurysm with a risk of rupture, which is life-threatening and may justify surgical procedures. The cause of the aortitis is sometimes obscure.Case report. - We report the case of a 55 years old woman who developed acute aortitis of the descending aorta after G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) injections for blood stem cells graft. No cause was found to the aortitis, the evolution was favorable after corticosteroid treatment, without aneurysm at six months.Conclusion. - The present case rises the question of G-CSF (Neupogen ( R)) responsibility in aortic lesions. Neutrophilic mediated diseases (Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum) and leukocytoclastic vasculitis were reported after G-CSF therapy. Neutrophils induced by G-CSF injections present functional abnormalities which may play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.