As the Chinese economy has rapidly developed, energy consumption and carbon emissions in China’s rural areas have also steadily increased. Rural communities are the most important component of rural areas; as such, developing low-carbon communities will likely promote reductions in rural carbon emissions. As one of the low-carbon pilot provinces, Guangdong Province has gradually constructed low-carbon communities; however, neither the province nor China as a whole has established a system for evaluating different energy-related factors in rural low-carbon communities. Using real-world conditions in Guangdong Province, combined with the general parameters associated with low-carbon communities, this study evaluated six categorical factors: carbon reduction performance, low-carbon planning, energy consumption, low-carbon transportation, environment and resources, and low-carbon management and living. These categories were measured using several suitable indices according to the SMART principle. The baseline value corresponding to each index was determined by two zones: the Pearl River Delta zone and the non-Pearl River Delta zone. Each index weight was calculated using a method that combines a Monte Carlo simulation and an Analytical Hierarchy Process. Ultimately, one typical community was selected for a pilot evaluation. The sensitivity analysis of each index was conducted using the One-At-a-Time (OAT) method. Establishing this system is beneficial for promoting rural low-carbon communities construction in Guangdong Province, and supports system evaluation and adoption in rural low-carbon communities. This study’s system can also provide a reference case and experience for the Chinese government, as it establishes a system for evaluating rural low-carbon communities at the national level.