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This study examined the effect of divided attention during encoding or retrieval on primary (recall) or secondary (button-pressing) task performance by amnesic patients and control subjects. Experiment 1 demonstrated that control subjects' recall was affected by divided attention during encoding but not during retrieval, while the amnesic patients' recall remained at the same low level for all conditions...
This study examined the capacity of neuropsychological variables indicative of dysfunction in the regulation of executive abilities (e.g. noncompliance with rules) to reflect changes in character associated with disturbances in regulatory abilities (e.g. impulsivity). A close relative of 30 participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) was administered the Current Behaviour Scale (CBS) at admission...
Lesions of the prefrontal cortex result in a wide variety of neuropsychological disorders. Despite recent advances, the executive processes and their functional architecture remain poorly specified. This study assessed control processes operating in novel, conflicting and combined tasks in patients with lesion of the prefrontal or posterior cortices. Experiments used two-choice reaction time tests...
Executive functioning was examined in 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 20 normal elderly subjects. The results showed that AD patients present lower performance compared to control subjects in all executive tasks, confirming that some executive deficits may be present in the first stages of the disease. A factorial analysis suggested that these deficits can be related to two domains of...
The study investigates calculation abilities in 12 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compares them to calculation abilities of healthy control subjects (NC) and patients with focal left hemisphere lesions (LHL). AD patients scored significantly lower than NC in all calculation tasks and lower than LHL patients in the execution of complex written calculation, but not in the retrieval...
Primary reading epilepsy (PRE) is a rare syndrome in which epileptic seizures are electively provoked by reading. Cognitive neuropsychology has demonstrated the existence of at least two pathways for reading, the sublexical pathway involved in converting graphemes to phonemes, and the lexical pathway used when meaning is conveyed. Which of these specific pathways is relevant in triggering epileptic...
Over a period of 24 hours, fusion thresholds (click durations 100 μs) were assessed in 7 subjects. Over the same period, order thresholds (click duration of 1 ms) were measured in 10 subjects (12 independent sessions).Auditory fusion thresholds showed a diurnal rhythm with a maximum performance (shortest intervals) around midnight. In contrast, order thresholds appear to be independent on the time...
In an earlier study, Dellatolas, Curt and Lellouch (1991) concluded that handedness is not related to season of birth. However, post-hoc exploration of their and other sets of data has shown that there is an apparent tendency for left-handedness to be more prevalent in the period March-July than in the period August-February. The present work tested this seasonal hypothesis prospectively among university...
We report the case of NG, a 43-year old woman with myotonic dystrophy (MYD) who has shown a slow decline in both motor and cognitive abilities since her referral to us at age 32. MYD is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by weakening and wasting of the muscles together with impaired muscle relaxation. Cognitive abilities are usually little affected in the adult onset form, although there...
A patient (PC) with severe and chronic retrograde amnesia for world knowledge (tested with famous events and famous faces), but unimpaired autobiographical memory is described. The 64-year-old man had traumatic brain injury four years prior to the present evaluation. Current brain imaging showed principally damage involving the infero-lateral prefrontal and the lateral temporal regions of the left-hemisphere...
Sensorimotor deficits in the hand ipsilateral to a brain lesion have been reported in different motor tasks. We evaluated performance of the ipsilesional hand in 12 patients with either left (LBD) or right brain damage (RBD) by kinematic analysis in order to precisely characterize possible deficits in the two components of prehension (transport and grasp). Both patient groups exhibited performance...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of unilateral brain lesions on Mueller-Lyer (M-L) illusion in the two sexes. Patients with left hemisphere (LH) and right hemisphere (RH) damage and control subjects participated in the experiment. They inspected series of M-L patterns in which the shaft with out-going fins was gradually shortened until it induced a perception opposite to the original...
The case of a patient with largely preserved intelligence, but severe and persistent memory impairments is reported. FA, a 46-year-old patient with the diagnosis of prolonged depression was investigated repeatedly over a two year period with neuroradiological, neuropsychological, neuromonitoring and other methods. While no brain damage was detectable in FA, he manifested continued and severe anterograde...
Liepmann posited that right hand preference relates to left hemisphere dominance for learned skilled movements. Limb apraxia, impairment of skilled movement, typically occurs in individuals with left hemisphere (LH) lesions. The occurrence of apraxia in right-handed individuals following right-hemisphere lesions appears to refute Liepmann's hypothesis. We studied the apraxia of a right-handed man,...
This report describes a person who confabulated following an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. His confabulation was limited to one very circumscribed area of his life and remained stable for twelve weeks, eventually improving with rehabilitation. It is argued that a content-specific confabulation of this nature challenges current theories of confabulation, and an integrative explanation is...
Patients with spatial neglect do not explore contralateral space effectively. Although cancellation tasks are used widely to assess this visual search deficit, their methods of analysis are not well established. We introduce logistic regression analyses for cancellation tasks in 7 patients with left neglect. We investigated the influences of spatial location, stimuli number, and target discriminability...
Spatial performance in a group of young Fragile-X syndrome males with FMR-1 full mutation was compared to a learning disabled control group comprising young Down's syndrome males and two control groups of mainstream schoolchildren. Performance was assessed across a wide range of spatial tasks including visuo-construction, visuo-spatial memory, visuo-motor, and visuo-perception. The findings indicate...
This paper presents a straightforward theory of neglect (a pre-attentive salience system selects objects' centers for the focus of an attentional “spotlight”) as a computational model. This construction permits simulations of model “lesions” and allows checking unequivocally the model's implications. The current model can account for some of the common patterns of observations of neglect dyslexia:...
We report an 82-year-old woman who developed pure topographical disorientation after a cerebral infarction involving the isthmus of the right posterior cingulate gyrus. She lost her way in new environments such as the hospital, but not in old ones such as her own house. She correctly identified familiar or unfamiliar landscapes and buildings by photographs. Her failure to memorize a new route likely...
Recent studies suggest that gender influences phonetically-cued fluency and some semantic memory tasks. In this study we analysed the effect of demographic variables on semantic fluency tasks. The semantic categories considered were: animals, fruits, tools and vehicles. The influence of age and education was common to all the categories considered and seems a general characteristic of the semantic...
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