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Contrast sensitivity to gratings of various spatial frequencies displayed in the left and right visual hemifield was measured in a group of ten right brain-damaged patients with unilateral visuospatial neglect. Two groups of ten left brain-damaged (LBD) and ten right brain-damaged (RBD) patients without neglect served as controls. All patients had normal visual fields according to standard clinical...
This article examines four disorders of auditory processing that can result from selective brain damage (cortical deafness, pure word deafness, auditory agnosia and phonagnosia) in an effort to derive a plausible functional and neuroanatomical model of audition. The article begins by identifying three possible reasons why models of auditory processing have been slower to emerge than models of visual...
When right brain injury produces contralesional neglect (CN), patients typically misbisect lines to the right. However, others demonstrate so-called “ipsilateral neglect” (IN) with misbisection to the left of midpoint. Paradoxically, most patients with CN also demonstrate a ‘cross-over’ phenomenon whereby they misbisect short lines to the left. It is not known whether patients with IN actually have...
This paper reviews the performance of 10 previously reported patients who have deficits in recalling the names of people, but whose performance in recalling common names is relatively well preserved. An analysis of face naming ability in these 10 patients reveals that the proportion of faces that a patient can name is closely related to whether or not the patient has a retrieval problem that also...
Memory for stories was investigated in 25 patients with frontal lobe excisions and 25 control subjects. The subjects were presented with three different story types that either conformed to a well-known script, contained the same elements as a script but in a randomised order, or described a novel event. Subjects were asked to perform a test of recognition memory and memory for order on words presented...
The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of lateral biases in the use of the prehensile tail in Ateles geoffroyi. 24 spider monkeys were presented with three food- reaching tasks designed to differ in the precision of motor control needed for successful food retrieval and assessed for lateral preferences in tail use with a minimum of 50 caudal reaches per animal and task. Highly lateralized...
We report three cases of effortful echolalia in patients with cerebral infarction. The clinical picture of speech disturbance is associated with Type 1 Transcortical Motor Aphasia (TCMA, Goldstein, 1915). The patients always spoke nonfluently with loss of speech initiative, dysarthria, dysprosody, agrammatism, and increased effort and were unable to repeat sentences longer than those containing four...
A battery of tests evaluating different aspects of retrograde memory (autobiographical, public events, semantic knowledge) was administered to a group of 20 patients who had suffered from a severe closed-head injury (CHI) and who had recovered from the post- traumatic amnesia period and to a group of sex-, age- and education-matched normal controls. Results document a high prevalence of retrograde...
Right ear (RE) advantages for the recognition of specch can be explained by structural or attentional mechanisms. Structural mechanisms focus on biases in the neural access the ears have to the contralateral and ipsilateral cerebral hemispheres. Attentional mechanisms focus on biases in hemispatial attention. The contribution of structural and attentional mechanisms for a monaural lexical decision...
We report the case of an 84-year-old lady who, after a right temporo-parietal infarction, complained of seeing things smaller than she expected. She also related that straight lines appeared distorted and described seeing colours as if they were a badly mixed assemblage of hues. Her visual field was normal except for a transient left field extinction. No spatial neglect emerged. The patient's micropsia...
A ease of pure retrograde amnesia following mild head injury is reported. The patient, who also showed a deficit in verbal fluency and a living/non-living dissociation in naming during the amnesic period, recovered progressively in about ten days post-trauma. Both a psychogenic and an organic origin could be taken into account. A mechanism (no matter if psychogenic or organic) can be hypothesized,...
The delayed-response paradigm is thought to be a marker of the activity of the dorsolateral convexity of primates' prefrontal cortex, as this procedure requires the activation of working memory processes. Although the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPC) in working memory seems to be well established, much remains to be understood about the processes this structure actually controls:...
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