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DNA adducts in human placenta have been studied in relation to metabolic genotype for glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in 98 mothers living in two regions with a different annual average air pollution levels: Northern Bohemia – the district of Teplice as polluted industrial area (mines, brown coal power plants) and Southern Bohemia – the district of Prachatice as agricultural area without heavy...
The mouse micronucleus test was conducted to investigate the effect of high body temperature on micronucleus induction. Groups of 10 male ddY mice were exposed to 30°C for 1, 3 or 6 h, 37°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 h, and 40°C for 1 or 2 h. Bone marrow cells were sampled 24 h after heat exposure. Exposure of mice to 37°C for 3 or 4 h and 40°C for 1 or 2 h raised body temperature to approximately 40.5°C...
It is well established that most anticancer drugs also have mutagenic effects and require metabolic activation before exerting their mutagenic/antiblastic activity. Antitumoral compound effects strongly depend on the biochemical/physiological conditions of the tumoral cells, and especially on the activation of specific drugs metabolizing enzymes and on respiration. We examined the mitomycin C-induced...
Petroleum derivatives constitute a complex mixture of chemicals which contain known genotoxicants. Thus, chronic occupational exposure to such derivatives may be considered to possess genotoxic risk. Service station attendants are workers exposed to petroleum derivatives and, as consequence, biomonitoring studies designed to evaluate the genetic risk are required. Here we present the data on sister...
A micronucleus assay in vivo has been developed that is based on the use of freshly isolated kidney cells from mononephrectomized rats. In this validation study, a statistically significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells was detected in rats given i.p. a single dose of four kidney carcinogens, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine and N-nitroso-N-methylurea...
An antiprotozoal agent pyrimethamine is a potent clastogen that induces structural chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in cultured Chinese hamster (CHL) cells in vitro. Our previous study on the compound, however, demonstrated no significant induction of micronuclei in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, even with dosings on 4 consecutive days. In the present study, we investigated the clastogenicity...
The in vitro cytogenetic effects of the 43-kDa molecular mass exocellular glycoproteic component (GP 43) from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were studied in cultures from human lymphocytes. The sample included 10 healthy, white, non-smoking, non-related males (mean age of 31.3±8.2 years). Besides the control, three concentrations of GP 43 (0.125, 1.25 and 5 μg/ml) were used. In each group, around 1000...
Two assays, the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and the fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) of a whole chromosome or `chromosome painting' assay have gained importance in recent years as witnessed by the increasing yield of scientific literature using these techniques. Thus, it would be useful to have one system to measure both endpoints. In the present communication,...
We have demonstrated that free radicals generated by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), in the presence of divalent iron (Fe 2+ ) and a chelator (EDTA), oxidize 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG) to 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The 8-OHdG formed by this reaction was isolated and quantitated using reverse-phase HPLC with UV and electrochemical detection. A 1-h incubation of dG with...
It is well established that most anticancer drugs also have mutagenic effects and require metabolic activation before exerting their mutagenic/antiblastic activity. Antitumoral compound effects strongly depend on the biochemical/physiological conditions of the tumoral cells, and especially on the activation of specific drugs metabolizing enzymes and on respiration. We examined the mitomycin C-induced...
Chlorinated tap water often contains 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX), which is a potent directly acting bacterial mutagen. We have investigated the induction of DNA damage by MX in a promyelocytic human leukaemia cell line (HL-60 cells). Exposure of HL-60 cells to 100–300 μM MX resulted in increased levels of DNA single-strand breaks and/or alkali-labile sites (SSBs) as detected...
We earlier developed the Chinese hamster ovary UV5P3 cell line that expresses cytochrome P4501A2 and lacks nucleotide excision repair for studying metabolism and mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines. The Chinese hamster ovary UV5P3 cells are approximately 50-fold more sensitive to the cooked food mutagen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) than 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline...
Petroleum derivatives constitute a complex mixture of chemicals which contain known genotoxicants. Thus, chronic occupational exposure to such derivatives may be considered to possess genotoxic risk. Service station attendants are workers exposed to petroleum derivatives and, as consequence, biomonitoring studies designed to evaluate the genetic risk are required. Here we present the data on sister...
An antiprotozoal agent pyrimethamine is a potent clastogen that induces structural chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in cultured Chinese hamster (CHL) cells in vitro. Our previous study on the compound, however, demonstrated no significant induction of micronuclei in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, even with dosings on 4 consecutive days. In the present study, we investigated the clastogenicity...
The Allium anaphase–telophase assay was used to show genotoxicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), maleic hydrazide (MH), sodium azide (NaN 3 ) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). All agents induced chromosome aberrations at statistically significant levels. The rank of the lowest doses with positive effect was as follows: NaN 3 0.3 mg/l<MH 1 mg/l<MNU 41 mg/l<EMS 100 mg/l. The...
Despite the remarkable resistance to desiccation, Bacillus subtilis spores manifest indications of DNA damage when being kept in an extremely dry environment made by high vacuum. Spores of strain TKJ3422 (uvrA10 spl-1 recA4) with triple repair defects lost colony-forming capacity dependent on the duration and strength of the exposure. Mutations to rifampicin resistance were induced in the spores of...
The presence of (TTAGGG) n telomeric sequence was investigated in a Chinese hamster tumor-derived cell line, using single primed in situ labelling (single-PRINS) and multiple cycles of amplification (cycling-PRINS). The telomeric sequence hybridized the centromere of most chromosomes, using both techniques. However, signals visible at the telomeric regions of some chromosomes and an enhancement...
The presence of (TTAGGG) n telomeric sequence was investigated in a Chinese hamster tumor-derived cell line, using single primed in situ labelling (single-PRINS) and multiple cycles of amplification (cycling-PRINS). The telomeric sequence hybridized the centromere of most chromosomes, using both techniques. However, signals visible at the telomeric regions of some chromosomes and an enhancement...
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