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We found organically cultivated (OC) vegetables, using a water-soluble chitosan as a soil improvement agent and leaf surface spray, had much longer shelf life and better taste than that of generally cultivated (GC) vegetables. The purpose of this study is to determine the relative antimutagenic activity between OC and GC vegetables. Eleven OC vegetables were harvested in March and April in 1999 and...
Oxidative stress has been considered as a major cause of cellular injuries in a variety of clinical abnormalities. One of the plausible ways to prevent the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cellular injury is dietary or pharmaceutical augmentation of endogenous antioxidant defense capacity. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), one of the major antioxidative constituents found in the...
Resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents has now become a prominent fact of contemporary life. It is believed that poor patient compliance, e.g. interrupted or premature cessation of therapy; and misuse or abuse of antibiotics, e.g. wrong antibiotic or insufficient dose, play important roles in resistance development. We present evidence that, this form of resistance often stems from spontaneous...
It is known that the poblano green pepper, a significant component in the Mexican diet, contains certain natural compounds such as chlorophyll, β-carotene, and vitamins, which have antimutagenic and/or anticarcinogenic properties. Using the somatic mutation and recombination test in wing cells of Drosophila melanogaster, an extract of the poblano pepper (Capsicum spp.) was evaluated to determine its...
Recently, considerable attention is focused on anti-carcinogenic phytochemicals, particularly those derived from medicinal or edible plants. [6]-Paradol, a pungent phenolic compound present in certain Zingiberaceae plants, is known to have antimicrobial and analgesic activities. The compound has been reported to attenuate promotion of skin carcinogenesis and TPA-induced ear edema in female ICR mice,...
Antimutagens and anticarcinogens are known to play an important role in decreasing damages induced by oxidants. In this study, we investigated the genotoxic and antimutagenic potential of two selenium compounds (sodium selenite: Na 2 SeO 3 ; seleno-dl-methionine: C 5 H 11 NO 2 Se) and Vitamins A and E in yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An oxidative...
Agaricus blazei Murrill extracts have previously been shown to have anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic properties. These results suggest that antimutagenic activity, besides the modulation of the immune system, might be involved in the anticarcinogenic action of A. blazei. To investigate the possible antimutagenic effect of A. blazei in vivo, we evaluated its effect on clastogenicity induced by cyclophosphamide...
The anti-genotoxic properties of tea leaf extracts were examined in a Salmonella umu-test. Seven non-fermented teas (green tea), one semi-fermented tea (oolong tea), two fermented teas (black tea and Chinese pu er tea) and two other teas were examined for their anti-genotoxic abilities and for their catechins contents. This was to study the relationship between catechins contents and anti-genotoxic...
PABA — Vitamin H1 of group B, has obtained increasing fundamental interest as a very potent natural antimutagen after a series of our publications since 1979. In the first set of our experiments, we studied PABA in the assays with the alkylating agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Mutagenic efficiency of this agent was suppressed up to 10-fold when PABA was administered into Escherichia coli cells...
The ethanol extract of the flowers of Prunus persica (Ku-35) (50–200μg/ml) was found to inhibit UVB- as well as UVC-induced DNA damage measured by the COMET assay in the skin fibroblast cell (NIH/3T3). In addition, Ku-35 inhibited UVB- or UVC-induced lipid peroxidation, especially against UVB-induced peroxidation at higher than 10μg/ml. We also evaluated the protective effect of Ku-35 against UVB-induced...
The effect of chlorophyllin on micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) induction by chromium trioxide (CrO 3 ) exposure in peripheral blood of mice was studied. Animals were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of chlorophyllin (CHL) (20mg/kg), CrO 3 (20mg/kg), and CHL (20mg/kg) 4h before (CHL–CrO 3 ) or 4h before and 20h after chromium treatments (20mg/kg;...
We evaluated the antimutagenic effect of Letinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (Shiitake) on the frequency of micronuclei in mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) or cyclophosphamide (CP). Mice were orally (gavage) pretreated for 15 consecutive days with solutions of Shiitake (0.6 ml per day, gavage) prepared at three different temperatures: 4, 21 (RT), and 60°C. Then, the animals were intraperitoneally...
The prevalence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and latent prostatic carcinoma, representing multiple steps in carcinogenesis and progression to invasive carcinoma, makes them relevant targets for prevention. A unique family of human prostate epithelial cell lines, which mimic steps in prostate carcinogenesis and progression, were used to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of all-trans-retinoic...
Survival of Escherichia coli K-12 AB1157 irradiated with UVC (UV 254nm ) was enhanced after pre-treatment with a low-tension electric field (EF). The EF used was identical to the electrical field generated by the small intestine (myoelectrical migrating complex — MMC), registered in a healthy calf and transmitted into the memory of an EF generator. The EF emitted by the generator was transmitted...
Stannous ion has been used in different sectors of human interest, such as in food industry and in health sciences. Much is known about stannous chloride (SnCl 2 ) toxicity, although, there is no general agreement regarding its genotoxicity. Cymbopogon citratus, Maytenus ilicifolia and Baccharis genistelloides extracts have been used in popular medicine. We evaluated the influence of these...
Effects of two derivatives of 1,4-dihydroisonicotinic acid (1,4-DHINA) against the monofunctional alkylating agent ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were studied in the micronucleus test in (CBA × C57Bl/6 j ) mice. Adult males and pregnant females were treated with an antimutagen (i.p.) and 12h later they were exposed to EMS (i.p.). The frequencies of micronucleated (MN) polychromatic erythrocytes...
Epidemiologic studies indicate that prolonged exposure to high pollution levels is associated with increased risk of cancer, especially lung cancer. However, under conditions of moderate or low air pollution, epidemiologic evidence does not permit reliable conclusions. Biomarker-based population studies may serve as complementary tools providing a better understanding of the relative contribution...
Extracts of the whole herb of Artemisia asiatica Nakai (Asteraceae) have been used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammation, cancer and other disorders. In the present work, we have evaluated the apoptosis-inducing capability of eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone), a pharmacologically active ingredient of A. asiatica, in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia...
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