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The ITU/CCITT X.400 standard defines a very rich set of security functions. What the standard does not define is what should be implemented for a given environment and how should it be implemented. Functional Profiles are being developed that go some way to resolving this problem. This paper gives an overview of the security features of X.400 and describes the difference between the end to end and peer to peer strategies for implementing security. It will also describe the US defined Message Security Protocol (MSP) technique of encapsulating the original X.400 contents into a new enciphered contents. The MSP approach is gaining favour in a number of countries.