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Rotavirus is acknowledged to be a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. As gastroenteritis due to rotavirus is a public health problem and two new vaccines are currently available, we investigated the rotavirus burden and developed a cost-effectiveness analysis, using data collected in the Province of Genoa (Italy), to evaluate the benefits of new borns vaccination.The...
The outer membrane protein LP2086, a human factor H binding protein, is undergoing clinical trials as a vaccine against invasive serogroup B meningococcal (MnB) disease. As LP2086 is a surface protein, expression of capsular polysaccharide could potentially limit accessibility of anti-LP2086 antibodies to LP2086 expressed on the surface of bacteria. To determine whether variability in expression levels...
There is a clear unmet medical need for a vaccine that would prevent infections from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). To validate antigens as potential vaccine targets it has to be demonstrated that the antigens are expressed in vivo. Using murine bacteremia and wound infection models, we demonstrate that the expression of clumping factor A (ClfA) and capsular polysaccharide antigens are heterogeneous...
The 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) showed high efficacy against invasive pneumococcal diseases caused by vaccine serotypes in children less than 2 years-old. Its effectiveness was confirmed under routine use in the US, Canada and several European countries.Disease surveillance and several studies showed that population indirect protection outweighs direct protection of immunized subjects...
The immune system plays an intricate role in tumorigenesis, therefore cancer immunotherapy borrows concepts both from autoimmunity and vaccinology. Due to tumor-induced immune suppression, the adjuvant setting seems most suitable for immunotherapy, which optimally targets multiple tumor associated antigens after removal of the bulk of the tumor. The responses elicited need not match the intensity...
Recombinant measles viruses (rMV) based on the live attenuated measles vaccine strain (MVb) expressing antigens of HIV-1 clade B were generated by reverse genetics. Recombinants expressing single or double antigens of HIV-1 (rMV-HIV) were genetically highly stable on human diploid cells. The production process of these viruses was essentially similar to the parental MV strain, yielding comparative...
Important scientific, cultural, temporal, and secular issues impact the development of, and delivery of vaccines. In this paper we discuss the impact of demographics, regulatory science, the anti-vaccine movement, and finally the impact of the new biology and individualized medicine, which we call vaccinomics, on vaccine development and delivery. A description of the issues and how they have, are,...
Therapeutic vaccination against cancer-associated antigens represents an attractive option for cancer therapy in view of its potential efficacy, the possibility of long-lasting immunity against the cancer, and safety profile. Cancer patients are however usually immunosuppressed and most cancer-associated antigens are ‘self-antigens’, making it a significant challenge to vaccinate patients against...
We have developed a novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccine; a combination of the DNA vaccines expressing mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) delivered by the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-envelope and -liposome (HSP65+IL-12/HVJ). This vaccine provided therapeutic efficacy as well as remarkable protective efficacy via CD8 + T and CD4 + T cells in...
Plant-derived vaccines represent an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy due to their relative safety and cost-effectiveness. We evaluated the anti-tumour activity of a Nicotiana benthamiana produced vaccine candidate based on the non-transforming E7 protein of HPV-16 fused to β-1,3-1,4-glucanase of Clostridium thermocellum. Two doses of vaccine at two week intervals were administered to groups...
Morbidity and mortality related to influenza are highest among people aged 65 and above, and among people of any age who have medical conditions that place them at increased risk of influenza complications, including hospitalisation and death. Influenza vaccination is the most effective tool for preventing influenza both in terms of cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios. Given the health benefits...
Cellular immunity plays an important role in controlling HIV-1 replication. One of the major challenges in developing an HIV-1 DNA vaccine is to generate broader and more potent cellular responses. In this study, we constructed three novel constructs expressing SIVmac antigens Env, Pol and Gag, respectively, with the goal of increasing anti-SIV cellular immunity. The results demonstrate that these...
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