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Vaccination with Plasmodium sporozoites attenuated by irradiation or genetic manipulation induces a protective immune response in rodent malaria models. Recently, vaccination with chemically attenuated P. berghei sporozoites (CAS) has also been shown to elicit sterile immunity in mice. Here we show that vaccination with CAS of P. yoelii also protects against homologous infection and that a P. berghei...
Mucosal vaccination against pneumococcal disease offers potential protection against otitis media, pneumonia and invasive disease, including providing herd benefit by reducing pathogen carriage. The major obstacle, however, remains the lack of a suitable adjuvant for use in humans. Animal models have demonstrated success of interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an adjuvant for mucosal vaccines using recombinant...
The prevalence of antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella in US military recruits is of importance to public health leaders. We performed ELISA testing using a commercially available product on samples from 537 recruits obtained in 1998, of which 437 were positive (81%). We then performed a validation study in a subsample of the population using plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) to assess misclassification...
Inactivated Bacillus anthracis spores given with protective antigen (PA) contribute to immunity against anthrax in several animal models. Antiserum raised against whole irradiated B. anthracis spores has been shown to have anti-germination and opsonic activities in vitro. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that surface-exposed spore proteins might serve as supplemental components of a PA-based...
The dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)/methotrexate (MTX) selection is a common method to conduct gene amplification in stable clones of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We previously reported the use of a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector targeted to the dhfr gene resulted in improving the intracellular antigen expression in gene-amplified stable CHO cells [Hong, W.W., Wu, S.C., 2007. A novel RNA silencing...
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use among young children has led to significant declines in invasive pneumococcal disease in the United States, but the impact on community-acquired pneumonia is unknown. We conducted population-based pneumonia surveillance among 794,282 Group Health members before and after infant vaccine introduction in 2000. We presumptively identified pneumonia episodes using diagnosis...
We investigated whether telomerase activity and viral gene transcription were associated with protection against the RB-1B strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in chickens vaccinated with Rispens CVI988 or the herpes virus of turkey (HVT). Telomerase activity in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) seemed to be an appropriate marker of lymphoma and levels of viral transcription were correlated with...
The global shrimp aquaculture industry is worth in excess of $US10 billion annually, but continues to be beset by endemic viral diseases. The ability to vaccinate shrimp and other crustaceans against specific viral diseases is therefore of global economic and biosecurity significance. Higher vertebrates, including humans, have an adaptive immunity that enables them to specifically “remember” exposure...
The levels of IgG determined by ELISA may have limited relevance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults because of non-functional antibodies. 58 HIV-1-infected and 29 HIV-uninfected Ugandan adults were immunized with conjugate vaccine (CV) followed by polysaccharide vaccine (PV) after a 2-month interval, and the opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) titers against serotype 4 or 14 pneumococcal...
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is indicated for influenza prevention in persons 2–49 years of age. This study describes the incidence and duration of vaccine virus shedding and serum immune responses after receipt of LAIV.A single open-label dose of trivalent LAIV was administered intranasally to 344 subjects in 3 age cohorts: 5–8, 9–17, and 18–49 years of age. Shedding was determined by...
Mannheimia haemolytica is commonly identified in cattle with shipping fever pneumonia. Vaccines currently available do not provide complete protection against the disease. In an effort to develop a vaccine that delivers the immunogenic regions of leukotoxin (LKT) A and the outer membrane protein (OMP) PlpE, a total of four chimeric proteins were constructed. Mice were subcutaneously immunized with...
Up to now clinical experiences focusing EGF receptor, an attractive target for cancer therapy, have been limited to passive therapies, suggesting that therapeutic cancer vaccines inducing anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies could also work. Here, the humoral immune response induced in mice with a vaccine formulation containing the human EGFR-extracellular domain and very small-sized...
Brucella melitensis strain Rev1 is used as vaccine for the prophylaxis of brucellosis in sheep and goats. Because of its smooth phenotype, however, it induces antibodies directed to the O-polysaccharide (O-PS) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus unabling to distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals. It has been speculated that alternative vaccines could be live, attenuated Brucella rough...
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