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Brucella abortus strains RB51 and RB51SOD are live attenuated vaccine strains which protect mice against virulent B. abortus strain 2308 intraperitoneal challenge. By comparison, limited information is available on how Brucella vaccines stimulate pulmonary immunity against respiratory infection, another route of exposure in humans. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the ability of intranasally...
Administration of live Salmonella strains to day-old chicks provides protection against infection within hours by intestinal colonisation–inhibition. However, the extent to which the oral application of live Salmonella wild-type or vaccine strains may induce an early invasion–inhibition effect is unknown. Potentially protective pre-treatment strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and Infantis were examined...
Neisseria meningitidis, an exclusive human pathogen, is a major cause of mortality due to meningococcal meningitis and sepsis in many developing countries. Three meningococcal serogroup B proteins, i.e. T-cell stimulating protein A (TspA), autotransporter A (AutA), and IgA-specific serine endopeptidase (IGA1) elicits CD4+ T-cell response and may enhance the effectiveness of meningococcal vaccines...
Duration of vaccine-induced immunity plays a key role in the epidemiology and in the pattern of transmission of a vaccine-preventable disease. In the case of whooping cough, its re-emergence has been attributed, at least partly, to the waning of immunity conferred by current pertussis vaccines. We have recently developed a highly attenuated live vaccine, named BPZE1, which has been shown to be safe...
Current methods for the identification of BCG vaccine in quality control settings involve acid-fast staining with microscopic examination. However, this method is unable to distinguish the many different sub-strains of BCG, or to differentiate BCG strains from virulent members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. A multiplex PCR (mPCR) which uses six target regions in mycobacteria has been developed...
To determine the clinical efficacy and cost-saving effect of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), an open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted involving 786 Japanese subjects older than 65 years of age receiving a routine influenza vaccine during the 2-year period. Study subjects were randomly assigned to either a PPV group (n=394) or to a...
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrheal disease and deaths among children in developing countries and the major cause of traveller's diarrhea. Since surface protein colonization factors (CFs) of ETEC are important for pathogenicity and immune protection is mainly mediated by locally produced IgA antibodies in the gut, much effort has focused on the development of...
Recent evidence suggested that angiogenesis played a pivotal role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC), thus the therapy strategy targeting antiangiogenesis has been regarded as promising method for HCC therapy. Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) is a recently described protein that is preferentially expressed within tumor endothelium. However, the antiangiogenesis therapy of...
We have focused on development of a novel vaccine vector based on “Baculophage”, a baculovirus display system for expression of proteins on the surface of the viral envelope, as a non-pathogenic and non-vertebrate insect virus. In the present study, recombinant baculovirus (AcNPV–Pfs25surf) were generated, which displayed Pfs25, a potent Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine candidate...
This phase 1 clinical trial assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a native outer membrane vesicle (NOMV) vaccine prepared from a lpxL2(−) synX(−) mutant of strain 44/76 with opcA expression stabilized. Thirty-four volunteers were assigned to one of the three dose groups (25mcg, 25mcg with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, and 50mcg) to receive three intramuscular injections at 0, 6 and 24 weeks. Specific...
Induction of neutralizing antibodies to prevent HIV infection, especially at the mucosa, is a critical goal of future vaccines. In this study, we have designed chimeric HIV-gag virus-like particles (VLPs) that contain multiple copies of the two highly conserved gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) epitopes, ELDKWA and NWFDIT, with the objective of generating high titers of MPER-specific antibodies...
The current World Health Organization Requirements for BCG vaccine are in need of revision to address the diversity of sub-strains used for production, potential improvements of quality control assays for lot release, and the establishment of sub-strain specific Reference Reagents. A consultation meeting was organized to discuss issues regarding the standardization and evaluation of BCG vaccines in...
This article presents the WHO recommendations on the use of polio vaccines excerpted from the recently published Polio vaccines and polio immunization in the pre-eradication era: WHO position paper. This document replaces the WHO position paper entitled Introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine into oral poliovirus vaccine-using countries published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record in July...
The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in developing countries has suffered from a long delay. Between 2005 and 2009, a surge in Hib vaccine adoption took place, particularly among GAVI-eligible countries. Several factors contributed to the increase in Hib vaccine adoption, including support provided by the Hib Initiative, a project funded by the GAVI Alliance in 2005 to accelerate...
Group B streptococcus is one of the most important pathogens in neonates, and causes invasive infections in non-pregnant adults with underlying diseases. Applying a genomic approach that relies on human antibodies we identified antigenic GBS proteins, among them most of the previously published protective antigens. In vitro analyses allowed the selection of conserved candidate antigens that were further...
In the present research a novel operative strategy of health surveillance with a reduced number of serologic tests is proposed. The approach consists to identify sub-populations with high predictable serological profile that makes the serological tests unnecessary. The study is focused on assays done to detect the response against hepatitis A, which in Italy displays low/intermediate endemicity. Receiver...
There is a need for an improved vaccine to better control human tuberculosis (TB), as the only currently available TB vaccine, bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) delivered parenterally, offers variable levels of efficacy. Therefore, recombinant strains expressing additional antigens are being developed alongside alternative routes to parenteral delivery. There is strong evidence that BCG Moreau (RdJ)...
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines have been underutilized globally. We report progress in global use of Hib vaccines included in national immunization schedules. The number of countries using Hib vaccine increased from 89/193 (46%) in 2004 to 158/193 (82%) by the end of 2009. The increase was greatest among low-income countries eligible for financial support from the GAVI Alliance...
This randomized double-blind study aimed to determine the safety and immunogenicity of a gp120/NefTat candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine formulated with one of three different Adjuvant Systems (AS02 A , AS02 V and AS01 B ) in healthy HIV-seronegative adults. All vaccine formulations induced strong HIV-specific CD4 + T-cell responses characterized...
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