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Targeting canarypox (CP)-HIV vaccine to dendritic cells (DCs) elicits anti-HIV-1 immune responses in vitro. We conducted a phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate whether adding DC to a CP-HIV vaccine improved virologic control during analytic treatment interruption (ATI) in HIV-1-infected subjects. Twenty-nine subjects on suppressive antiretroviral therapy were randomized to vaccination with autologous...
We demonstrate that after implementation of recommendations for universal infant hepatitis B vaccination, HBV infection prevalence among children of foreign-born Asian parents in Georgia declined dramatically; horizontal transmission of infection within households has occurred infrequently; and the vast majority of infants and children have received the recommended hepatitis B vaccinations. These...
Rice-expressed cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit is a cold-chain-free oral vaccine that effectively induces enterotoxin-neutralising immunity. We created another rice-based vaccine, MucoRice, expressing nontoxic double-mutant cholera toxin (dmCT) with CTA and CTB subunits. Western-blot analysis suggested that MucoRice-dmCT had the shape of a multicomponent vaccine. Oral administration of MucoRice-dmCT...
Looking across boarders reveals that the national immunization programs of various countries differ in their vaccination schedules and decisions regarding the implementation and funding of new vaccines. The aim of this review is to identify decision aids and crucial criteria for a rational decision-making process on vaccine introduction and to develop a theoretical framework for decision-making based...
The paper calculates regional generalized cost-effectiveness estimates of screening, prevention, treatment and combined interventions for cervical cancer.Using standardised WHO-CHOICE methodology, a cervical cancer model was employed to provide estimates of screening, vaccination and treatment effectiveness. Intervention effectiveness was determined via a population state-transition model (PopMod)...
The aim of this study was to develop a candidate vaccine against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. A ler deletion mutant derived from wild-type EHEC O157:H7 86-24 was constructed by use of suicide vector pCVD442. The bacteriophage encoding Shiga toxin (Stx) was excised by serial passage to produce a ler/stx deletion mutant, F25. Stx1 and Stx2 mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis...
Bordetella pertussis isolates not expressing Pertussis Toxin (PT) or Pertactin (PRN) have been collected, for the first time in 2007, in France, a highly vaccinated country with acellular vaccines. Non-expression was due to deletion of the entire ptx locus, to IS481 insertion in the prn gene or deletion of a part of this gene. Genome sequencing does not indicate any regions of differences when compared...
Male tick-derived voraxinα and voraxinβ, a pair of testicular proteins, are transferred to female via copulation to stimulate female blood feeding in the tick Amblyomma hebraeum (A. hebraeum). Immunized animals with recombinant (r-)voraxinα and voraxinβ have been shown as highly resistant to the tick infestation. In this study, we describe the cloning and characterization of voraxinα homologue from...
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious infectious disease in southern and eastern Asia. Design and development of safer and more efficacious vaccines against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a high-priority target in the world. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) playing a central and unique role in the generation of primary T-cell responses,...
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype DQ2 is considered the most important genetic marker for un-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine. Since celiac disease (CD) is also strongly associated with the same haplo-type it may be hypothesized that celiac patients are less able to respond to the vaccine. We report a retrospective study on celiac patients vaccinated with three doses of 10μg at 3, 5 and...
Conventional influenza vaccine production methods have limitations due to their reliance on chicken eggs. We evaluated whether a mammalian cell-culture system could reliably produce an influenza vaccine with favourable tolerability and immunogenicity profiles. Adult subjects (n=1200; 18–60 years of age) were randomized (2:2:2:1) to receive either one of three lots of a cell-culture-derived influenza...
Five suspected cases of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) clustered in space and time following a vaccination campaign in Ica, Peru in 2007. All five people received the same lot of 17DD live attenuated yellow fever vaccine before their illness; four of the five died of confirmed YEL-AVD. The surviving case was classified as probable YEL-AVD. Intensive investigation yielded...
The protective potential against Leishmania infection of the Leishmania chimerical Q protein administered as a single (Q) or double dose (Q+Q) without adjuvant was analyzed in a double-blind placebo controlled experiment in dogs. During vaccination the protein induced an intense early anti-Q response but no reactivity against total Leishmania infantum proteins was detected. Several end-points were...
Impairments in anti-influenza T helper 1 (Th1) responses are associated with greater risk of influenza-related mortality in the elderly. Addition of adjuvants to existing influenza vaccines could improve immune responses in the elderly. In this study, the activity of three adjuvants, an oil-in-water emulsion and a synthetic lipid A adjuvant formulated with or without the emulsion, is compared. Our...
Withania somnifera, commonly called Ashwagandha in the Indian traditional system of medicine has been reported for several pharmacological activities. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the potential role of the chemically standardized leaf extract of W. somnifera (WSL) and it's identified component in activating immune system. WSL enhanced Th1 cytokine IFN-γ expression in Con A primed splenocytes...
The presence of resident Langerhans cells (LCs) in the epidermis makes the skin an attractive target for DNA vaccination. However, reliable animal models for cutaneous vaccination studies are limited. We demonstrate an ex vivo human skin model for cutaneous DNA vaccination which can potentially bridge the gap between pre-clinical in vivo animal models and clinical studies. Cutaneous transgene expression...
Two different types of pertussis vaccines are currently available to protect children against whooping cough, the first-generation whole-cell (Pw) vaccines and the more recent acellular (Pa) vaccines. Both types provide good protection, yet induce different types of immune responses in 6-month-old infants, with a strong Th1 response induced by Pw vaccines compared to a mixed Th1/Th2 response and a...
Few data are available concerning the persistence of anti-HBs and the effect of booster doses given several years post-vaccination against hepatitis B during preadolescence. The objective of this open-labelled clinical trial was to evaluate the persistence of antibodies after vaccination with three paediatric doses of Engerix-B at the age of 8–10 years and the effect of a booster dose given 5 (Group...
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