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The current U.S. Department of Defense candidate plague vaccine is a fusion between two Yersinia pestis proteins: the F1 capsular protein, and the low calcium response (Lcr) V-protein. We hypothesized that an immunomodulator, such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)s, could augment the immune response to the plague F1-V vaccine in a mouse model for plague. CpG ODNs significantly augmented the antibody...
Immunosenescence decreases influenza vaccine efficacy in older adults (age 65 and over). Strategies such as vaccine adjuvants are being developed to overcome immunosenescence. Our computer simulation model represented the decision to give an older adult either standard influenza vaccine or adjuvanted influenza vaccine and found the adjuvanted vaccine to be dominant in many scenarios, resulting in...
Immune responses to a pseudovirion-based HIV vaccine enriched in Env conformations, which have been induced to an authentic intermediate fusion stage by interaction with the cellular HIV receptor complex, have been analysed in human CD4/CCR5-transgenic rats. High titre Env-binding antibodies were elicited. However, these immune sera failed to neutralise HIV-1, but rather led to an enhancement of infection...
This study investigates the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of different pox-vector vaccines expressing the haemagglutinin of a highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) (A/chicken/Indonesia/7/03) in pigs. Pigs were vaccinated twice, with a 4-week interval, with a fowlpox (TROVAC ® ), a canarypox (ALVAC ® ), or a vaccinia (NYVAC) vector vaccine combined with an oil-in-water...
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are used as adjuvant cells in cancer immunotherapy and have shown promising results. In order to obtain full functional capacity, these DCs need to be maturated, and the current “gold standard” for this process is maturation with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE 2 used for generating standard DCs (sDC). Several studies indicate that IFN-α might also be important...
Recent conversations regarding the vaccine against the Human Papillomavirus have focused on scientific concerns of effectiveness and scope of prevention as well as social, political and economic concerns including who should be eligible to receive the vaccine and why. However, discussions to date have not reflected on comparable historical perspectives including lessons learned in the development...
Deletion mutants in the lpxM gene in two Yersinia pestis strains, the live Russian vaccine strain EV NIIEG and a fully virulent strain, 231, synthesise a less toxic penta-acylated lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analysis of these mutants revealed they possessed marked reductions in expression and immunoreactivity of numerous major proteins and carbohydrate antigens, including F1, Pla, Ymt, V antigen, LPS,...
Cancer vaccines efficacy may improve inducing a rapid and persistent immune response, early at diagnosis along with standard therapies. EGF chemically conjugated to the carrier protein P64k from Neisseria meningitidis in montanide ISA 51 adjuvant is under evaluation, aiming to stimulate a B-cell response. High-dose cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin after priming enhanced the long-term frequency of...
Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are attractive adjuvant candidates in vaccine development. Eimeria tenella profilin-like protein has recently been shown to be a potent agonist of the innate immune system through its recognition by Toll-like receptor-11. In this report, we studied the systemic and mucosal adjuvant activity of Eimeria profilin-like protein within a vaccinal strategy against Toxoplasma...
Measles, mumps, and rubella are three common viral childhood diseases that can have serious complications. Active immunization against these diseases became possible with the development of live attenuated virus vaccines in the late 1960s. Vaccines against these three diseases were combined into trivalent (Priorix™, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and M-M-R II ™, Merck & Co., Inc.) or tetravalent...
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