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CpG-DNA is currently attracting attention as an effective and safe vaccine adjuvant to prevent from microbial infections. In this report, we examined the effects of oligo B, which is a synthetic CpG-DNA, in mucosal administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and diphtheria toxoid (DT). Co-administration with oligo B enhanced BCG-induced delayed type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative...
Needle-free procedures are very attractive ways to deliver vaccines because they diminish the risk of contamination and may reduce local reactions, pain or pain fear especially in young children with a consequence of increasing the vaccination coverage for the whole population. For this purpose, the possible development of a mucosal malaria vaccine was investigated. Intranasal immunization was performed...
In southern China, as well as in neighboring Asian regions, human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) outbreaks have become very prevalent in recent years. To address this problem regionally and globally, a recombinant virus has been constructed, containing a full-length infectious genomic clone of HAdV-3, to act as a vaccine. This was constructed by using a bacterial homologous recombination mechanism and...
We used a mathematical model for the transmission of hepatitis B infection to compare the effectiveness of different vaccination strategies in the Netherlands. Vaccination of children of immigrants from high and medium endemic countries is an effective strategy in countries with substantial immigration of carriers from high and medium endemic countries. A targeted vaccination programme for sexually...
Vaccines directed toward individual strains of highly variable viruses like influenza lose efficacy when the circulating viruses no longer resemble the vaccine isolate. Historically, inclusion of more than one isolate per subtype of influenza has been limited by the need to include large doses of antigen with typical protein-based vaccine approaches and by concerns that an immunodominant response...
A post-marketing study was conducted in 26 paediatric practices in Germany to collect safety information on the virosomal adjuvanted influenza vaccine Inflexal ® V (in Germany marketed as Infectovac Flu ® ). Children aged 6 months to 6 years received one or two doses. Adverse events were documented by parents/legal guardians in a questionnaire for four days after vaccination. The rates...
SC599 vaccine is a live Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain attenuated by deletion of invasion [icsA], iron chelation [ent, fep] and shiga toxin A subunit [stxA] genes. In a preliminary Phase 1 single dose prospective study, we showed that SC599 vaccine was well tolerated, and the maximum tolerable dose was greater than 10 8 CFU [Sadorge C, Ndiaye A, Beveridge N, Frazer S, Giemza R, Jolly N, et...
Mucosal vaccination has several advantages over parenteral vaccination. In this study, viscosity-enhancing mucosal delivery systems for the induction of an adaptive immune response against viral antigen were investigated. Powder formulations based on spray-dried mixtures of starch (Amioca ® )/poly(acrylic acid) (Carbopol ® 974P) in different ratios were used as carriers of the viral...
DNA vaccines encoding the glycoprotein genes of the salmonid rhabdoviruses VHSV and IHNV are very efficient in eliciting protective immune responses against their respective diseases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The early anti-viral response (EAVR) provides protection by 4 days post vaccination and is non-specific and transient while the specific anti-viral response (SAVR) is long lasting...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of subtypes H5 and H7 cause fatal disease in poultry (fowl plague) but also have zoonotic potential. Currently commercially available vaccines often do not provide sufficient protection and do not allow easy discrimination between vaccinated and infected birds. Therefore, vaccination of domestic poultry against H5 and H7 HPAIV is not allowed in many...
Healthcare workers may be at risk during the next influenza pandemic. Priming with stockpiled vaccine may protect staff and reduce nosocomial transmission. Despite campaigns to increase seasonal influenza vaccine coverage, uptake among healthcare workers is generally low; creating uncertainty whether they would participate in pre-pandemic vaccine programmes. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire...
Herein, we sought to evaluate the potential of a recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain secreting the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis low-calcium response V (LcrV) antigen for mucosal vaccination against Yersinia infections. We showed that the recombinant strain induced specific systemic and mucosal antibody and cellular immune responses after intranasal immunization and protected mice against both oral...
Streptococcus equi subspecies equi affects animals of Equidae family and is the causative agent of strangles, an acute, extremely contagious and deadly disease. Prolonged periods of protection associated to absence of serious adverse reactions were not yet achieved. Thus, this experimental work is focused on the study of mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses developed in a mouse model, after...
Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and causes virtually all cervical cancer globally. The recent development of two safe and clinically effective vaccines against HPV is a promising step towards lowering cervical cancer rates in the future. What Chinese women think about HPV and the vaccines remains unknown. We undertook a population-based...
Fransicella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is in the top category (Category A) of potential agents of bioterrorism. To develop a safer vaccine against aerosolized F. tularensis, we have employed an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes, which shares with F. tularensis an intracellular and extraphagosomal lifestyle, as a delivery vehicle for F. tularensis antigens. We constructed recombinant...
The aim of this study was to investigate whether intradermal (ID) vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is suitable as an alternative for the usually used intramuscular (IM) route. We compared vaccine efficacy in groups of pigs in which vaccine administration differed with respect to antigen payload of the vaccine, administrated volume and administration route.When compared with pigs that...
The renewed interest in strategies to combat infectious agents with epidemic potential has led to a re-examination of vaccination protocols against smallpox. To help define which antigens elicit a human antibody response, we have targeted proteins known or predicted to be presented on the surface of the intracellular mature virion (IMV) or the extracellular enveloped virion (EEV). The predicted ectodomains...
An attenuated Mycobacterium bovis RD1 deletion (ΔRD1) mutant of the Ravenel strain was constructed, characterized, and sequenced. This M. bovis ΔRD1 vaccine strain administered to calves at 2 weeks of age provided similar efficacy as M. bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) against low dose, aerosol challenge with virulent M. bovis at 3.5 months of age. Approximately 4.5 months after challenge, both...
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