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Identifying the minimal functional regions of the proteins which the malaria parasite uses when invading its host cells constitutes the first and most important approach in an effective design for a chemically synthesised, multi-antigen, multi-stage, subunit-based vaccine. This work has been aimed at identifying the PfRh1 protein binding regions (residues 1–2580) belonging to the reticulocyte binding-like...
We searched for an association between the interleukin 4 receptor gene (IL4R) rs1805015 and interleukin 13 gene (IL13) rs20541 polymorphisms and the development of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in the case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination or infection in hemodialysis (HD) patients. HD patients who failed to respond to HBV vaccination did not differ in genotype frequencies...
Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) has recently caused huge economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Commercial vaccines, including inactivated vaccines and attenuated live vaccines, are available but fail to provide sustainable protection, especially against genetically heterologous strains. Thus several approaches have been used to develop more...
The Netherlands is a very low endemic country for hepatitis A virus infections (HAV, notification rate of <1/100,000). Historically in Amsterdam, a large proportion of infections are imported from Turkey and Morocco in children returning from summer holiday. Annually since 1998, the public health service of Amsterdam has targeted these children for HAV vaccination before the summer. As the population...
A substantial fraction of individuals vaccinated against anthrax have low to immeasurable levels of serum Lethal Toxin (LeTx)-neutralizing activity. The only known correlate of protection against Bacillus anthracis in the currently licensed vaccine is magnitude of the IgG response to Protective Antigen (PA); however, some individuals producing high serum levels of anti-PA IgG fail to neutralize LeTx...
In the United States, live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) was initially approved for use in individuals aged 5–49 years in 2003, which was extended to individuals aged 2–49 years in 2007. At that time, a postlicensure commitment was made to describe the safety of LAIV within a cohort of eligible children aged 2–5 years.A prospective observational postmarketing study was conducted to evaluate...
Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, is a neglected tropical disease that is often fatal when untreated. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of L. infantum in zoonotic VL as the presence of infected dogs may increase the risk for human infection. Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a major veterinary and public health problem in...
To estimate the long-term cost-effectiveness of universal newborn hepatitis B vaccination in China, an area of high endemicity.A decision tree was used to describe perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission, early infection and impact of vaccination. A Markov model based on 1-year cycles was used to simulate these impacts for the lifetime of a cohort of 10,000,000 infants born in 2002 in China...
The potential for development of autoimmune diseases after vaccination with new vaccines containing novel adjuvants is a theoretical concern. Randomised, placebo-controlled trials are the best method for assessing a potential causal relationship between an adverse event and vaccination, but usually have a sample size too small to detect adverse events occurring in <1% of subjects. Incomplete case...
With the effective control of infectious diseases in many parts of the world, chronic, non-communicable diseases have become the major cause of death and disability. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an important class of drugs for the treatment of such diseases. Nevertheless, mAbs suffer from major shortcomings in a chronic setting: most notably, generation of anti-antibodies and high cost...
Despite WHO recommendations about the A/California/7/2009/H1N1-like virus vaccination, studies evaluating its possible influence on clinical manifestations and autoantibody profile in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of the unadjuvanted A/California/7/2009/H1N1-like virus vaccination on clinical manifestations and autoantibody...
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an important cytokine with multiple functions in innate and acquired immunity. In this study, chicken IL-18 was evaluated for its adjuvant effects on the protective immunity of a DNA vaccine carrying the VP243 gene of IBDV. Groups of 14-day-old SPF chickens were given twice at 2-week intervals with 100μg of the plasmid DNA vaccine pCAGVP243, pCAGVP243-IL-18 and the blank...
Development of an influenza vaccine that provides cross-protective immunity remains a challenge. Candidate vaccines based on a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viral vector expressing antigens from influenza (MVA/Flu) viruses were constructed. A vaccine candidate, designated MVA/HA 1 /C13L/NP, that expresses the hemagglutinin from pandemic H1N1 (A/California/04/09) and the nucleoprotein...
Recent years have brought increased focus on the desirability of vaccinating more healthcare workers against influenza. The concern that novel 2009 H1N1 influenza A would spark a particularly severe influenza season in 2009–2010 spurred several institutions and one state to institute mandatory vaccination policies for healthcare workers, and several new mandates have been introduced since then. Some...
Serious, but rare adverse events following immunization (AEFI) have been reported with yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine, including severe allergic reactions, YF vaccine-associated neurologic disease (YEL-AND) and YF vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD). The frequency with which YEL-AND and YEL-AVD occur in YF endemic countries is mostly unknown.From 2007 to 2010, eight African countries...
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