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Rotavirus is the leading cause of dehydration and hospitalization due to gastroenteritis (GE) in young children. Almost all children are affected by the age of 5years. Two safe and effective rotavirus vaccines are available for clinical use in Canada. In the context where rotavirus vaccination is recommended, but not publicly funded, we have assessed paediatricians’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs...
The aim of the IVANHOE study was to determine the real-world impact of the rotavirus vaccine, controlling for epidemic-to-epidemic variation in disease burden.A population-based prospective cohort study was conducted in Brest City and 7 suburban districts (CUB area), North-western Brittany, France (210,000 inhabitants; 5500 births per year). The vaccination program started in May 2007 for a 2-year...
Rotavirus infection is the single most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under five years of age. The costs of care and treatment for rotavirus gastroenteritis are high. The objective was to compute average cost of care for children admitted with rotavirus gastroenteritis. A survey was conducted in children admitted with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis in Nairobi, Kenya. These...
Studies on rotavirus vaccine shedding and its potential transmission within households including immunocompromised individuals are needed to better define the potential risks and benefits of vaccination. We examined fecal shedding of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) for 9 days following the first dose of vaccine in infants between 6 and 12 weeks of age. Rotavirus antigen was detected by enzyme...
We aimed to estimate the societal costs of rotavirus cases among children less than 5 years in Kazakhstan, an upper-middle income country in Central Asia.Data on medical, non-medical and indirect costs were collected for 190 patients less than 5 years, hospitalized with severe diarrhea in 2009 in two pediatric hospitals. Data on resource use for moderate and mild diarrhea cases were obtained from...
Rotavirus vaccine for infants was introduced into the National Immunisation Program in Australia in July 2007. To determine the impact of rotavirus vaccination on gastroenteritis hospitalisations amongst children less than six years of age in South Australia, we conducted a retrospective analysis of hospital admissions over two time periods: 1 May 2005–30 April 2007 (prior to rotavirus vaccination...
This report describes FDA's laboratory response to the 2010 reports that porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV-1) DNA was present in U.S.-licensed rotavirus vaccines and in cells used to produce inactivated poliovirus vaccines. In the present study, Rotarix ® (GlaxoSmithKline, Rixenxart, Belgium) was found to contain full-length PCV-1 genomes that are particle-associated, and cell culture assays...
In Bolivia, in 2008, the under-five mortality rate is 54 per 1000 live births. Diarrhea causes 15% of these deaths, and 40% of pediatric diarrhea-related hospitalizations are caused by rotavirus illness (RI). Rotavirus vaccination (RV), subsidized by international donors, is expected to reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to the Bolivian state. Estimates of illness and economic burden...
To estimate the health impact and the costs of treatment associated with rotavirus diarrhea in six yearly cohorts (2001–2006) of Mexican infants.The perspective of study is from the health care system. We estimated the effect of rotavirus diarrhea on disability adjusted life years (DALYS) and diarrhea treatment costs in hypothetical cohorts of infants who are followed from birth up to five years of...
We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of universal infant rotavirus (RV) vaccination compared to current standard of care of “no vaccination”. Two RV vaccines are currently licensed in Ireland: Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™.A cohort model used in several European countries was adapted using Irish epidemiological, resource utilisation and cost data. The base case model considers the impact of Rotarix vaccination...
To investigate possible impact of limited vaccine uptake by the private sector since 2007, a prospective observational study included all children <5 years hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in a Tertiary Care Hospital between 09/2006 and 08/2010. Rotavirus (RV) antigen was detected in stools by a rapid immunochromatographic test and genotype analysis was performed on positive samples...
Anticipating imminent licensure of rotavirus vaccine for use in Japan, we estimated the incidence of rotavirus hospitalization and calculated the direct medical cost associated with rotavirus hospitalization in a hospital that provided virtually exclusive pediatric beds to the local community adjacent to the northern outskirts of metropolitan Kyoto, Japan. For a 2 year period between September, 2008...
Rotavirus infection is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhea in China. To evaluate the economic burden associated with rotavirus infection of children in China, we combined data on the disease burden of rotavirus-associated costs for samples comprising 832 outpatients and 604 inpatients from five seaside cities. The average social costs and direct medical costs for rotavirus-associated...
Noroviruses (NoVs) and rotaviruses (RVs) are the two most important viral causes of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. Live oral RV vaccines are already part of routine childhood immunization in many countries, but may be associated with low risk of intussusception and other potential risks associated with live vaccines. NoV capsid-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) are in early...
There is limited data regarding rotavirus vaccine shedding in premature infants. We describe the natural history of rotavirus shedding in premature infants in the 2-week period following first immunization with RotaTeq ® , the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5), and the risk for symptomatic transmission to household contacts (HHC).A prospective pilot study of 15 premature infants of gestational...
The cost-effectiveness of introducing infant rotavirus vaccination in Armenia in 2012 using Rotarix(R) was evaluated using a multiple birth cohort model. The model considered the cost and health implications of hospitalisations, primary health care consultations and episodes not leading to medical care in children under five years old. Rotavirus vaccination is expected to cost the Ministry of Health...
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