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A multicenter clinical trial was conducted among 757 healthy adolescents and adults, 13-54 years, to compare two regimens of Oka/Merck varicella vaccine with respect to safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. Participants were randomized to receive two injections of vaccine either four or eight weeks apart and were followed for clinical reactions and serologic response.The two vaccine regimens were...
The purpose of the cost-benefit analysis described in this article is to determine the economic value of vaccination of healthy children against varicella in France. It is based on the results of two specific investigations - an epidemiological model and a prospective observational study (1832 cases studied) of the socio-economic consequences of varicella. This cost-benefit analysis was conducted...
The objective of this open study was to evaluate the response of non-immune health-care workers to two doses of live attenuated varicella vaccine given two months apart. One hundred subjects (58 females; aged 17-49 yr, mean 22.8 yr) received two doses of varicella vaccine. Blood samples for antibody estimation were taken before vaccination, 2 months after the first dose and 6 weeks after the second...
Objective: to examine the cost-effectiveness of three different varicella vaccination programs compared with no vaccination program.Design: cost-effectiveness study. Simulations of the costs and consequences of chickenpox and the vaccination programs over a 30-year period. Direct (health-care) costs only were used in the simulations.Setting: Australia.Participants/subjects: annual birth cohorts of...
The purpose of this study was to determine what proportion of adolescents without a history of varicella are seropositive, and if serologic testing of this adolescent subpopulation is cost-effective. We identified 122 patients with 'no' or 'unknown' histories of chicken pox from our adolescent clinic. Of these, 58 (48%) were found to be Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) seropositive. Cost to the government...
The present study was conducted to generate data on the epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections in Germany as a basis for health economic evaluations of varicella vaccination strategies. The survey was designed as a cross-sectional, age-stratified study of the VZV seroprevalence in the German population. The status of immunity of 4602 individuals a aged 0 to >70 years was investigated...
An approach to the burden of varicella can be obtained from information on the hospitalizations. Data were obtained from the national surveillance system for hospital data. All hospital discharges for varicella were analyzed for the 1995–1998 period. A total of 3632 primary varicella-related discharges were identified, representing an annual incidence of 2.8 per 100,000 population. A total of 58%...
Chicken pox highly contagious and common throughout the world, is an infectious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV). This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of VZV in a population under age 30 and to identify the relationship of VZV seroprevalence and several characteristics of the study subjects in nine provinces of Turkey. The sampling method of 30 clusters recommended...
This study explores the economic value of a routine varicella vaccination program for Germany. An age-structured decision analytic model was used to assess the benefits, costs and cost-effectiveness of an immunization program for a period of 30 years. Three interventions were compared with no vaccination: universal vaccination of around 15 months old healthy children, vaccination of susceptible adolescents...
Age-specific force of varicella infection, hospitalisation and death rates in non-immune persons were calculated using an age-based mathematical model and national data for France. A cost-effectiveness model was then applied to hypothetical cohorts of persons aged 15-45 years with a negative or uncertain history of varicella. Vaccination strategies with and without prior serotesting, and healthcare...
The Varicella (chickenpox) Active Surveillance Project (VASP) has been conducting active surveillance since 1 January 1995 in the high desert community known as Antelope Valley, CA (population 300,000) among 300 public and private schools, daycares, and healthcare providers. Capture-recapture methods were applied to estimate reporting completeness for 1995 varicella incidence data and these were compared...
The impact of a varicella vaccination program on disease in a large HMO population during 1996-1999 was assessed by multiple cross-sectional analyses of automated database records of vaccinations and varicella diagnoses for children (0-18 years). The cumulative proportion of the population vaccinated reached 73% among 2-year-olds, and 22% overall. An overall 49.7% reduction in varicella incidence...
Previous studies have failed to estimate the size of population at risk and underestimated the incidence of varicella among susceptible population. In this study, we calculated the incidence of varicella and its complications in Taiwan based on a life table method, in which the size of population at risk was taken into account. Population-based data were obtained from the Bureau of National Health...
The prevalence of seropositive individuals that makes costs of vaccinating all individuals equal to that for screening and vaccination of susceptible individuals is defined as the critical prevalence of antibodies (p * ). Screening and vaccination is more efficient when the prevalence of seropositive individuals (p) in the population is higher than p * . In this study, the formula...
Data of hospitalizations for varicella and herpes zoster in Spain during the 1999-2000 period were obtained from the national surveillance system for hospital data. A total of 3083 hospitalizations for varicella and 6324 for herpes zoster were identified, representing an annual incidence of 4.1 and 8.4 per 100,000 persons per year, respectively. Almost half of patients hospitalized for varicella were...
The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of postexposure vaccination with Varilrix ® in the household setting. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was used. Twenty-two children received the varicella vaccine and 20, a placebo. The relative risk of developing varicella with a placebo compared with the vaccine was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.55–2.21). The...
Economic analyses of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) immunisation are sensitive to the costs of hospitalised cases, so there is a need to validate VZV hospitalisation data.To assess the accuracy of hospital VZV coding data and to apply these parameters to a population-based sample to estimate incidence and costs.A 3-year retrospective chart review from one hospital to document clinical features and validate...
The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in healthcare workers and students of healthcare professions and to determine the validity of the self-reported varicella history for detecting susceptible subjects. Personnel of a general hospital and students were recruited and a 5mL blood sample was obtained from all participants. A case report form, including...
Varicella vaccine has been licensed in Canada since December 1998 but not provided free in all provinces. Through a cross-sectional telephone survey to a random sample of parents, we assessed factors associated with varicella vaccine uptake in the absence of public funding. Parents of children aged 2–3 years (Group I) and 6–7 years (Group II) were contacted between March and May 2003 in British Columbia,...
Although transmission of VZV is recognized as an important cause for morbidity in health care workers (HCWs), there is no general agreement on the recommended immunization policy. This study aimed to evaluate several of such prevention policies in economic terms.Analysis of the cost per avoided future varicella cases among HCWs in Israel.A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed by comparing the...
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