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Infection with human influenza A virus can reach cataclysmic levels, with 40 or more million deaths arising from the 1918 pandemic. Preventative and therapeutic measures have improved since that time, but new approaches are needed. Here, we describe one such new approach-the interfering vaccine, which has two activities-it prophylactically prevents influenza, and at the same time converts an otherwise...
The incorporation of the eight gene segments of influenza A virus in virions, either through a random or a specific mechanism, has been under debate for many years. Using reverse genetics techniques and trans-complementation of viral proteins, we showed that the production of viruses containing seven gene segments is very inefficient, which can be overcome by providing the 8th gene segment in a non-functional...
The purpose of the present study is to perform a global screening for new immunogenic HLA class I (HLA-I) restricted cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitopes of potential utility as candidates of influenza A-virus diagnostics and vaccines. We used predictions of antigen processing and presentation, the latter encompassing 12 different HLA class I supertypes with >99% population coverage, and searched for...
The extracellular-domain of influenza Matrix 2 protein (M2e) is considered as a putative target for designing universal influenza vaccines. However, the mechanism by which M2-based vaccine induces protection has not been clear. In this study, we analyzed the immunity induced by free synthetic M2e peptide and found the peptide was highly immunogenic. Without carrier proteins, the synthetic M2e peptide...
The gene constellation of the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 virus is a unique combination from swine influenza A viruses (SIV) of North American and Eurasian lineages, but prior to April 2009 had never before been identified in swine or other species. Although its hemagglutinin gene is related to North American H1 SIV, it is unknown if vaccines currently used in U.S. swine would cross-protect against infection...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical protection from challenge conferred by two attenuated Salmonella enteria serovar typhimurium vaccine strains expressing the hemagglutinin (HA1) gene from a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/3/2005), under control of the anaerobically inducible nir15 promoter. Two-week-old White Leghorn chickens were immunized by...
To prevent a future influenza A virus subtype pandemic outbreak, developing a broad-spectrum vaccine would be highly beneficial. The ion channel protein M2 is highly conserved in a diverse number of influenza A virus subtypes. This distinguishing characteristic makes M2 an attractive vaccine target for a broadly protective vaccine. We expressed a full-length M2 protein which was C-terminally fused...
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