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The immunotherapy of cancer is aimed at evoking both branches of immune system to elicite specific immune responses directed against tumor antigens to deal with residual tumor cells upon interaction, and thereby decreases mortality as well as morbidity of cancer patients. As dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized for antigen presentation, and their immunogenicity leads to the induction of antigen specific...
Little is known about initiation and completion among males who received the HPV vaccine on an off-label basis before 2009. This study utilized administrative claims data from a private insurance company to examine completion of the 3 dose HPV series among 514 males who initiated the vaccine between 2006 and May of 2009. Frequencies of HPV vaccination were examined and multivariate logistic regression...
Trichinellosis is a public health problem and is considered an emerging/re-emerging disease in various countries. The etiological agent of trichinellosis is the nematode Trichinella, which infects humans, domestic animals and wildlife. A veterinary vaccine could be an option to control the disease in domestic animals. Although several vaccine candidates have shown promising results, a vaccine against...
Brucellosis is a disease affecting various domestic and wild life species, and is caused by a bacterium Brucella. Keeping in view the serious economic and medical consequences of brucellosis, efforts have been made to prevent the infection through the use of vaccines. Cell-mediated immune responses [CMI] involving interferon gamma and cytotoxic CD4 + and CD8 + T cells are required...
We have developed a new oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea containing killed recombinant E. coli bacteria expressing increased levels of ETEC colonization factors (CFs) and a recombinant protein (LCTBA), i.e. a hybrid between the binding subunits of E. coli heat labile toxin (LTB) and cholera toxin (CTB). We describe a randomized, comparator controlled, double-blind...
The ubiquitous gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus occupies a unique niche in humans for its ability to survive both as a commensal and a life-threatening pathogen. Its complex relationship with the host and its ability to engender a throng of virulence factors, have hindered the development of a successful vaccine against it. The use of immunoadjuvants to enhance host immunity and prevent...
Chlamydia continues to be a major pathogen of koalas. The bacterium is associated with ocular, respiratory and urogenital tract infections and a vaccine is considered the best option to limit the decline of mainland koala populations. Over the last 20 years, efforts to develop a chlamydial vaccine in humans have focussed on the use of the chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP). Potential problems...
An epitope-based vaccine is a promising option for treating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Epitope mapping is the first step in designing an epitope-based vaccine. A pivotal role of CD4 + T cells in protection against H. pylori has been accepted, but few Th epitopes have been identified. In this study, two novel UreB CD4 + T cell epitopes were identified using PBMCs obtained...
In August 2010 reports of a possible association between exposure to AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine and occurrence of narcolepsy in children and adolescents emerged in Sweden and Finland. In response to this signal, the background rates of narcolepsy in Europe were assessed to rapidly provide information for signal verification.We used a dynamic retrospective cohort study to assess...
Therapeutic vaccines are currently being developed for chronic hepatitis B and C. As an alternative to long-term antiviral treatment or to support only partially effective therapy, they should activate the patient's immune system effectively to fight and finally control the virus. A paradigm of therapeutic vaccination is the potent induction of T-cell responses against key viral antigens – besides...
Diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks and sand flies greatly impact human and animal health and thus their control is important for the eradication of vector-borne diseases (VBD). Vaccination is an environmentally friendly alternative for vector control that allows control of several VBD by targeting their common vector. Recent results have suggested that subolesin/akirin...
The effect of vaccination on immune parameters of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, is not fully established, as well as surveyed throughout rearing till the commercial size. Furthermore, available information on the possible role of booster treatments is scarce.Sea bass juveniles were vaccinated against Listonella anguillarum using a commercial bivalent formulation administered by immersion...
Previous research suggests vaccine injection technique can influence local reactogenicity.To identify characteristics of vaccination technique and individual vaccinees associated with frequency and severity of pain on injection and local reactogenicity following immunisation with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine.Randomised cross-over trial of three injection techniques. Data were collected...
As for other vaccines that only target a subset of circulating pathogen types, human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization raises the concern of a potential risk of genotype replacement. Potential interactions between HPV types may affect infection acquisition and clearance. However, the existence and the nature of these interactions are still largely unknown. Here, we assess how such interactions might...
Pertussis incidence in Piemonte (Italy) is now at the lowest level ever reached (0.85 per 100,000 in 2010) but the disease is still endemic in infants (54 per 100,000 in 2005–2010).Parental “cocoon” immunization has been proposed in some countries (i.e. United States, France) as a measure to protect newborns from serious pertussis outcomes. We assessed the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent...
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the most common infections in the world. Despite extensive efforts, a vaccine that confers protection against UTIs in human is currently lacking. In this study, the ability of flagellin (FliC), a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist of UPEC strain, and the conventional adjuvant Montanide ISA 206 to enhance the protective...
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